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SRGT Ch10 Terminolog
Cardiovascular System Ch10 Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vessels | vascul/o, angio/o, vas/o |
| Aorta | aort/o |
| Arteries | arteri/o |
| Arterioles | arteriol/o |
| Capillaries | capillar/o |
| Venules | venul/o |
| Veins | ven/o, phleb/o |
| Location of heart... | in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, slightly left of the midline |
| Coronary arteries/heart muscle | dedicated system of blood supply |
| Atria *** | atri/o upper chambers |
| Ventricles *** | ventricul/o lower chambers |
| Septa *** | sept/o tissue wall between the chambers |
| Endocardium *** | endocardi/o inner lining of each of the chambers |
| Myocardium *** | myocardi/o cardiac muscle |
| Pericardium *** | pericardi/o surrounds the heart |
| Visceral pericardium *** | (epicardium) inner surface of double fold |
| Parietal pericardium *** | outer membrane |
| BPM | beats per minute |
| Normal HR | 60-100 bpm |
| BP | blood pressure |
| sphygmomanometer | BP cuff |
| Systole | contractive phase (120/) |
| Diastole | relaxation phase (/80) |
| SA | sinoatrial node natural pacemaker of the heart |
| AV | atrioventricular node carries electrical signal |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm (normal electrical activity) |
| Arrhythmias | deviation of electrical signal or abnormal rhythm |
| Bundle of His | (atroventricular bundle) in the interatrial septum and its right and left bundle branches transmit the impulse to the Purkinje fibers in the right and left ventricles |
| Purkinje fibers | receive stimulation from Bundle of His and cause ventricles to undergo electrical changes that signal contraction to force blood out to the pulmonary arteries and the aorta |
| Bradycardia | slow heartbeat (below 60 bpm) |
| Tachycardia | rapid heartbeat (more than 100 bpm) |
| Cardiodynia | heart pain |
| Cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| Cyanosis | lack of oxygen in blood |
| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| Claudication | cramp-like pains in the calves caused by poor circulation |
| Dyspnea | difficult and/or painful breathing |
| Edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues |
| Bruit | abnormal sound (blowing, whistling) heard when an artery is ascultated (act of listening for sounds made by body organs) |
| Pallor | paleness of skin and/or mucous membranes |
| Palpitations | pounding or racing of the heart |
| Pulmonary congestion | excessive amount of blood in the pulmonary vessels |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| Syncope | fainting or loss of consciousness |
| Thrill | fine vibration felt by the examiner on palpation |
| Palpation | examine by touch |
| Coarctation of aorta | localized narrowing of the aorta |
| PDA | (patent ductus arteriosus) abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | congenital anomaly that consists of four defects |
| AS | (aortic stenosis) narrowing of the aortic valve |
| MS | (mitral stenosis) narrowing of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| TS | (tricuspid stenosis) narrowing of the tricuspid valve |
| MR | (mitral regurgitation) backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium |
| MVP | protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium |
| Orthopnea | condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably |
| Valvulitis | inflammatory condition of a valve |
| Infarction | tissue death |
| Arrhythmia | abnormal variation from the normal heartbeat rhythm (dysrhythmia) |
| Ectopic beats | heartbeats that occur outside of a normal rhythm |
| Angina pectoris | chest pain that is often accompanied by SOB and a sensation of impending doom |
| CAD | (coronary artery disease) accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries that eventually can deprive the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to angina |
| MI | (myocardial infarction) cardiac tissue death that occurs when the coronary arteries are occluded by atheroma (fat or lipids on the wall of an artery) or a blood clot |
| Cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial sac |
| Cardiomyopathy | progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart |
| HF | (heart failure) inability of the heart to pump blood efficiently |
| Endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium |
| Pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| Arteriosclerosis | arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity WITHOUT the presence of atheromas |
| Atheroscelrosis | medium and large arteries have atheromas, which reduce or obstruct blood flow |
| Aneurysm | localized dilation of an artery caused by a congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of the vessel |
| Hemorrhoid | varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins |
| Hypertension | HTN high or elevated blood pressure |
| Hypotension | below normal blood pressure |
| Peripheral arterial occlusion | blockage of blood flow to the lower extremities |
| PVD | (peripheral vascular disorder) any vascular disease limited to the extremities |
| Thrombophlebitis | inflammation of either deep or superficial veins |
| Varicose veins | elongated, dilated superficial veins with incompetent valves that permit reverse blood flow |
| Vasculitis | inflammation of the blood vessels |
| PET | (positron emission tomography) computerized nuclear medicine procedure that uses inhaled or injected radioactive substances to help identify how much a patient will benefit from revascularization procedures |
| Radiography | x-rays |
| Phlebography | x-rays of a vein after the introduction of a contrast dye |
| Cardiac catheterization | threading of a catheter into the heart to collect diagnostic infomration about structures in the heart, coronary arteries and great vessels |
| Swan-Ganz catheter | long, thin cardiac catheter with a tiny balloon at the tip used to determine left ventricular function by measuring pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
| ECG/EKG | (electrocardiography) recording of electrical impulses of the heart [the record is called an electrocardiogram] |
| Holter monitor | portable electrocardiograph that is worn to record the reaction of the heart to daily activities |
| cardiac pacemaker | small battery operated device that helps the heart beat in a regular rhythm |
| CABG | (coronary artery bypass graft) open heart surgery in which a piece of blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage |
| ECC | extracorporeal ciculation |
| LVAD | left ventricular assist device |
| MIDCAB | minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass |
| PTCA | (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) surgical procedure in which a catheter is threaded into the coronary artery affected by atheroscerotic heart disease |
| Pericardiocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the pericardium to treat cardiac tamponade |
| PACAB | (port-access coronary artery bypass) procedure in which the heart is stopped and bypass surgery is accomplished through small incisions in the chest |
| Vavuloplasty | repair of a stenosed heart valve with the use of a balloon-tipped catheter |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| PA | pulmonary artery |
| Atypical pain | (cardiac pain) stabbing or burning that is variable in location and intensity and unrelated to exertion |
| Ischemic pain | pressing, squeezing or weight-like cardiac pain caused by decreased blood supply and usually only lasts only minutes |
| -pnea | breathing |
| Coarctation | narrowing |
| Patent | open |
| Tetra- | four |
| Ec- | out of |
| top/o | place |
| Coron/o | heart |
| Ather/o | fat, plaque |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| Varic/o | dilated vein |
| TEE | (transesophageal echocardiography) images the heart through a transducer introduced into the esophagus |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
Created by:
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