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SRGT Ch5 Terminology
Gastrointestinal System Ch5 Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prefixes: A- | no; not; without |
| Prefixes: Dys- | bad; painful; abnormal; difficult |
| Prefixes: Hyper- | excessive; above |
| Prefixes: Par- | near; beside |
| Prefixes: Peri- | around; surrounding |
| Prefixes: Sub- | under; below |
| Suffixes: -ectomy | removal; excision; resection |
| Suffixes: -emesis | to vomit |
| Suffixes: -pepsia | digestion |
| Suffixes: -rrhea | discharge; flow |
| Suffixes: -scopy | visual examination |
| Suffixes: -stalsis | contraction |
| Suffixes: -stomy | new opening |
| Suffixes: -tresia | opening |
| Combining forms: Append/o, appendic/o | appendix |
| Combining forms: Cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| Combining forms: Col/o, colon/o | colon |
| Combining forms: Dent/i; odont/o | teeth |
| Combining forms: Enter/o | small intestines |
| Combining forms: Esophag/o | esophagus |
| Combining forms: Gastr/o | stomach |
| Combining forms: Hepat/o | liver |
| Combining forms: Or/o | oral cavity |
| Combining forms: Pancreat/o | pancreas |
| Combining forms: Proct/o | rectum and anus |
| Combining forms: Aliment/o | nutrition |
| Combining forms: Phag/o | eat or swallow |
| Combining forms: Cheil/o, labi/o | lips |
| Inner GI layer | tunica mucosa |
| Middle GI layer | submucosa |
| Outer GI layer | tunica muscularis |
| Peristalsis | contractions and relaxations in the intestines in a wavelike movement to move food through the digestive tract |
| Ingestion | intake of food |
| Digestion | breakdown of food |
| Absorption | extracting nutrients |
| Elimination | excretion of waste products |
| Route through Body | -Oral cavity -Mediastinal cavity -Abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity: stomach and intestines) |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Deglutition | swallowing |
| Cheeks | bucc/o |
| Tongue | gloss/o, lingu/o |
| Palate | palat/o (roof of mouth) |
| Gums | gingiv/o |
| uvula | uvul/o |
| salivary glands | sialaden/o saliva (sial/o) |
| Parotid | near the ear |
| Sublingual | under the tongue |
| Submandibular | lower jaw |
| Maxilla | upper jaw |
| Mandible | lower jaw |
| Pharynx | (pharyng/o) nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (tube that connects the oral cavity with the esophagus) |
| Bolus | chewed lump of food |
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES)/cardiac sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter | muscle that relaxes before food enters the stomach |
| Sphincter | ringlike muscle |
| Duodenum | first part (proximal) of small intestine |
| Jejunum | second part of small intestine |
| Ileum | third part (distal) of the small intestine |
| Cecum | first part of the large intestines -Ileocecal sphincter -veriform appendix |
| Accessory organs (Adnexa) | -Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas |
| Liver functions to ... | produce bile |
| Liver located ... | RUQ |
| Location/lobes | lob/o |
| Bile | emulsifies fats, composed of bilirubin and cholesterol |
| Process of bile: | bile in liver - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins with cystic duct from gallbladder to form the common bile duct - empties bile into the duodenum |
| Gallbladder located: | RUQ stores bile from liver |
| Pancreas located: | RUQ & LUQ exocrine function of the pancreas is key in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids |
| Common Bile Duct | choledoch/o |
| Dyspepsia | indigestion |
| Eructation | burping, belching |
| Halitosis | bad smelling breath |
| Pyrosis | heartburn |
| Hiccup | singultus |
| Flatus | expelled gas |
| Hematochezia | passage of bloody stool |
| Suffixes: -chezia | condition of stools |
| Melena | black, tarry stools |
| Esophagal atresia | esophagus ends in a blind pouch - no opening to stomach |
| Hirschsprung disease | absence of normal nervous function (megacolon) |
| Pyloric stenosis | muscle between stomach and small intestine narrows or fails to open |
| Dental caries | cavities |
| Malocclusion | poor closure |
| Leukoplakia | white patches |
| Pyorrhea | discharge of pus in oral cavity |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| (GERD) Gastroesophageal reflux disease | flowing back of contents of the stomach to the esophagus |
| (PUD) Peptic ulcer disease | erosion of protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum |
| Anal fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus |
| Fistula | abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body |
| Hemorrhoid | varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus |
| Pruritus ani | chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus |
| Crohn disease | inflammation of the ileum or the colon |
| Intussusception | inward telescoping of the intestines |
| Paralytic ileus | lack of peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract |
| Volvulus | twisting of the intestines |
| Jaundice | yellowing of the skin |
| Hepatitis A | direct contact with fecally contaminated food or water |
| Hepatitis B | through contaminated blood or sexual contact |
| Hepatitis C | through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing infected needles |
| Cholelithiasis | gall stones |
| Hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm |
| Hemangioma | tumor of the blood vessels |
| Leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor |
| Polyp | benign growth that may occur in the intestines |
| (SCCA) squamous cell carcinoma | arises from the cells that cover the surfaces of the body |
| Bile vessels | cholangi/o |
| Fluoroscopy | X-ray that allows visualization of structures in real time |
| Anastomoses | new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures |
| Ligat/o | tying |
| Lysis of adhesions | surgical destruction of adhesions |
| Paracentesis | withdrawing fluid from a body cavity |
| Pyloromyotomy | incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction |
| Odontectomy | removal of a tooth |
| Polypectomy | removal of a polyp |
| Stomatoplasty | surgical repair of the mouth |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| APR | anterior posterior repair |
| lap. Chole | laparoscopic cholecystectomy |
| Fold | plic/o |
| Sweet, Sugar | glu/o |
| Melan | black, dark |
| Suffixes: -plakia | condition of patches |
| Suffixes: -chalasia | condition of relaxation |
Created by:
alyseg
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