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SRGT Ch4 Terminology
Integumentary System Ch4 Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prefixes: Anti- | against |
| Prefixes: Epi- | top |
| Prefixes: Hyper- | excessive;above |
| Prefixes: Intra- | inside;within |
| Prefixes: Sub- | under |
| Prefixes: Trans- | through |
| Suffixes: -ectomy | removal;excision |
| Suffixes: -itis | inflammation |
| Suffixes: -oma | tumor;mass |
| Suffixes: -osis | abnormal condition |
| Suffixes: -plasty | surgical repair |
| Suffixes: -ule | small;diminutive |
| Combining forms: cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o | skin |
| Combining forms: follicul/o | follicle |
| Combining forms: hidr/o | sweat |
| Combining forms: kerat/o | hard;horny |
| Combining forms: myc/o | fungus |
| Combining forms: onych/o, ungu/o | nail |
| Combining forms: seb/o | subum,oil |
| Combining forms: trich/o | hair |
| Combining forms: aden/o | gland |
| Combining forms: hidraden/o | sudoriferous gland |
| Layers of the Skin... | (strata) -Epidermis (outer layer-avascular) -Dermis/corium (inner layer) -Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer (layer of connective tissue mainly adipose/fat) |
| Composition of epidermis... | Stratified squamous (squam/o) epithelium -Basal (bas/o)layer: stratum germinativum -Stratum comeum (come/o) |
| Epidermis: Keratinocytes | Keratin |
| Epidermis: Melanocytes | Melanin (pigment produced to protect from uv light) |
| Dermis composed of... | vascular connective tissue |
| Structures of dermis: | -blood and lyphatic vessels -nerves -hair follicles -sebaceous (oil that helps to lubricate hair) -sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) |
| Hair structure: | Follicles -shaft -papilla |
| Nail structures: | -Nail body -Nail root -Nail bed -Lunula (white 'half moon' at base of nail) -Eponychium (cuticle) |
| Primary lesion | early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution of change caused by manipulation |
| Secondary lesion | result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion |
| Primary lesions: Cysts | nodule filled with a semisolid material |
| Primary lesions: Nodules | palpable, solid lesion, LESS than 2 cm |
| Primary lesions: Tumors | nodule MORE than 2 cm |
| Primary lesions: Hematomas | blood trapped in the tissue and palpable to the exterior |
| Primary lesions: Petechia | tiny bruises within the dermal layer |
| Primary lesions: Ecchymosis | hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue (BRUISE) |
| Primary lesions: Purpura | massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin |
| Primary lesions: Macules | flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, portwine stain or tattoo |
| Primary lesions: Papules | raised solid skin lesion less than 1 cm such as a pimple |
| Primary lesions: Wheals | elevated papule caused by localized swelling, which can result from a bug bite or allergic reactions (urticaria or hives) |
| Primary lesions: Vesicles/bullae | blister,bulla |
| Primary lesions: Pustules | superficial elevated lesion containing of an infection such as acne |
| Secondary lesions: Atrophy | wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain |
| Secondary lesions: Cicatrix | scar |
| Secondary lesions: Keloid | scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of injury |
| Secondary lesions: Eschar | scab |
| Secondary lesions: Fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin such as an anal fissure |
| Secondary lesions: Ulcer | craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis (tissue death) |
| Pruritus | itch |
| Suffixes: -rrheic | pertaining to discharge |
| Candidiasis | yeast infection |
| Dermatomycoses | fungal infection of the skin |
| Tinea | capitis-scalp corporis-ringworm cruris-jock itch pedis-athlete's foot |
| Pediculosis | head lice |
| Scabies | parasitic infestation caused by mites |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | HSV-1: cold sores HSV-2: genital herpes |
| Herpes zoster | shingles |
| Alopecia | hair loss;balding |
| Hypertrichosis | excess of hair |
| Verruca | warts |
| Ichthyosis | dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish (Xeroderma) |
| Xer/o | dry |
| Albinism | lack of melaninproduction |
| Vitiligo | irregular patches of various sizes lacking pigment |
| Chrom/o | color |
| Anhidrosis | little or no sweat |
| Hidradenitis | inflammation of the sweat glands |
| Hyperhidrosis | excessive perspiration |
| Miliaria | minute vesicles and papules often with surrounding erythema (redness of the skin)caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity |
| Onychia (Onychitis) | inflammation of fingernail |
| Onychocryptosis | ingrown toenail |
| Onychomycosis | nail fungus |
| Degrees of burns | First - epidermis (superficial thickness) Second- epidermis and part of dermis (partial thickness) Third- epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous (full thickness) Fourth- beyond into the muscle and bone (deep full thickness) |
| Rule of nines | Head and Neck - 9% Arms, hands, shoulders - 18% Front and back torso - 36% Genital area - 1% Each lower limb - 9% |
| Angioma | Hemangioma - localized vascular lesion |
| Lipoma | fatty tumor that is a soft movable, subcutaneous nodule |
| Nevus | Mole |
| Acrochorons | skin tags |
| Dysplastic = ABCD | A-asymmetry B-Borders,irregular C-Colors,changes or uneven pigmentation D-Diameter, increasing size or >6 mm |
| Malignant Neoplasms: Basal cell carcinoma (BCCA) | most common form of skin cancer (result from sun exposure) |
| Malignant Neoplasms: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) | second most common skin cancer (sun exposure but grows slower) |
| Malignant Neoplasms: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) | rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red//blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremeties (AIDS pts) |
| Excisional biopsy | entire tumor removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment |
| Exfoliation | scraping or shaving off |
| Incisional biopsy | cutting into;excise a wedge of tissue |
| Needle aspiration | aspiration of fluid from lesions using a syringe |
| Punch biopsy | punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue; tissue is cut off at the base |
| Dermatome | instrument used to remove split-skin grafts |
| Autograft | self |
| Allograft | donor |
| Xenograft | animal |
| Flap graft | section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one. (skin graft) |
| Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) | skin graft in which the epidermis and parts of the dermis are used |
| Full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) | free skin graft in which full portions of both the epidermis and the dermis are used |
| Cauterization | destruction of tissue by burning with heat |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue through use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen |
| Curettage | scraping of material from wall of a cavity or other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination |
| Debridement | first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, FB, damaged tissue and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing |
| Escharotomy | surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn |
| Incision & Drainage | cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst or other lesion |
| Blepharaoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelid |
| Dermabrasion | surgical procedure to resurface the skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles and tattoos |
| Dermatoplaty | transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation or disease |
| Lipectomy | removal of fatty tissue |
| Liposuction | technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device |
| Rhytidectomy | (face lift) surgical operation to remove wrinkle |
| Routes of Administration: Hypodermic (H) | under the skin |
| Routes of Administration: Intradermal (ID) | within the dermis |
| Routes of Administration: Subcutaneous | injection into the fat layer beneath the skin |
| Routes of Administration: Topical | drug applied directly onto the skin as a cream, gel, lotion or ointment |
| Transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) | transdermal patch (nitroglycerin for angina) |
| Pharmacology: Anesthetics | reduce pain and discomfort (lidocaine and solarcaine) |
| Pharmacology: Antibacterials | prevent and treat bacterial growth |
| Pharmacology: Antifungals | attack fungi |
| Pharmacology: Antihistamines | lessen itching by reducing allergic response |
| Pharmacology: Antiinflammatories | reduce inflammation and pain |
| Pharmacology: Antipsoriatics | specifically treat psoriasis |
| Pharmacology: Antiseptics | prevent infection by destroying microbials |
| Pharmacology: Antivirals | lessen effect of viruses (valtrex and zovirax) |
| Pharmacology: Emollients | soften the skin |
| Pharmacology: Immunomodulators/immunosuppressants | suppress immune system |
| Pharmacology: Keratolytics | break down hardened skin and shed top layer of dead skin to treat warts, calluses, corns, acne, rosacea and psoriasis |
| Pharmacology: Pediculicides | destroy lice |
| Pharmacology: Protectives | sun protection factors |
| Pharmacology: Retinoids | derived from vitamin Alters growth of top layer of skin |
| Pharmacology: Scabicides | destroy mites and scabies |
| Aloe vera used to treat... | sunburn and stomach ulcers |
| Tea Tree Oil used to treat... | boils, wound infections, acne |
| Prefixes: Tel/e | distant |
| Combining forms: Top/o | place |
| Combining forms: Crur/o | leg |
| Combining forms: Squam/o | scaly |
| Combining forms: Occlus/o | to close |
Created by:
alyseg
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