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Ch. 17 Patho
Blood and Lymphatic Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood is the major transport system for | oxygen, glucose, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes and cell wastes |
| Part of body’s defense mechanism carrying antibodies and white blood cells is | Blood |
| 55% of blood is made up of | Water and dissolved solutes (plasma) |
| 45% of blood is made up of | Formed elements |
| A biconcave, unnucleated, flexible disc is | RBC |
| All blood cells are formed in | Red bone marrow |
| A hormone, originates from the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production in red bone marrow | Erythropoietin |
| Oxygen molecules attach to what on a hemoglobin molecule, giving it a red color | Heme |
| The Pathology of multiple Myloma and Plasma Cell Myloma is? | neoplastic disease, increased number plasma cells replace bone marrow and erode bone, blood cell production impaired, multiple tumors with bone destruction |
| Signs and symptoms of Multiple Myloma and Plasma cell Myloma are? | frequent infection, pain related to bone, pathologic fx, anemia, bleeding, kidney function impaired |
| Oxygenated blood that is found in arterial blood is | Oxyhemoglobin |
| Deoxygenated blood that is found in venous blood is | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| Destruction of RBC's is | Hemolysis |
| Leukopoiesis | production WBC stimulated by production of cells, macrophages and T lymphocytes (colony stimulating factors – CSF) |
| What is the last stage of Hemostasis | Coagulation |
| The first stage of Hemostasis is | Vascular spasm |
| Clot formation requires | Factor 11 (Prthrombin) and Factor 1 (Fibrin) |
| A disorder caused by a decrease in HgB and Erythrocytes | Anemia |
| Most common anemia due to an iron defecit is | Iron Deficency Anemia |
| Manifestations that you would commonly see in people with iron defeciency anemia are | Palesness, Fatigue, Irritability, brittle hair and ridged nails |
| Malabsorption of B12 or Folic Acid results in | Pernicious Anemia |
| Vitamin B12 must have what present in order to be absorbed | Intrinsic Factor |
| Most significant sign of Pernicious Anemia is | Enlarged, red tongue |
| Aplastic Anemia is related to | An impairment of bone marrow leading to a loss of stem cells that results in decreased RBC's and WBC's |
| Three ways to treat Aplastic Anemia would be to | Replace the bone marrow, a blood transfusion and removal of bone marrow suppressants |
| Treatment for Multiple Myloma and Plasma cell Myloma are? | chemo, analgesics, blood transfusions |
| 80% of Non Hodgkins disease are made up of these lymphocytes | B-Lymphocytes |
| Non Hodgkin lymphoma is Characterized by? | Multiple node involvement scattered throughout the body, non-organized pattern widespread metastases |
| A genetic effect that causes and excessive destruction of RBC's is | Hemolytic Anemia |
| A type of Hemolytic Anemia that is common in the Middle East and indvidiuals from Africa is | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| Sickle Cell Anemia is | An inherited charactersitic that causes formation of abnormal HgB |
| The main problem in Sickle Cell Anemia is | obstruction of small blood vessels result in thrombus formation and repeated multiple infarctions, necrosis throughout |
| The treatment for hodgkins disease is? | Radiation,Chemotherapy,Surgery |
| The signs and sypmtoms of hodgkins disease are? | Lymph node, cervical enlarged, painless and nontender Splenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes General signs ca, wt loss, anemia, fever, night sweats, fatigue Generalized pruritus Recurrent infection |
| Where is hodgkins found and what lymphocytes does it effect? | Malignancy initially involves single lymph node, neck and spread to adjacent nodes in order fashion, then to organs and it causes T-lymphocytes defectiveness and lymphocyte decrease. |
| Five common manifestations of Sickle Cell Anemia are | Jaundice, Splenomegaly, CHF, delayed growth, and severe anemia |
| The most common anemia around the world mainly affecting Mediterranian countries is | Thalassemia |
| Thalassemia is a genetic defect resulting in | 1 or more genes for HgB is missing |
| The main treatment for Thalassemia is | A blood transfusion |
| Low levels of Erythropoietin, and an Increased production of RBC leads to | Polycythemia |
| Blood clotting disorders occur from | Spontaneous bleeding/excessive bleeding with minor trauma |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation happens when | excessive bleeding and excessive clotting occur |
| Release of Thromboplastin in DIC is from | OB Complications and/or gram negative infections |
| Three problems that impair blood clottin are | Defecit of platelets, lack of Vitamin K, and liver failure |
| How can pernicious anemia be caused by chronic gastritis | Gastritis leads to less secretion of intrinsic factor in the stomach so B12 cannot be absorbed |
| Two signs of DIC are | decreased BP and thrombocytopenia |
| Why does severe bone pain occur with leukemia | Proliferation of malignat cells in the bone marrow causes pressure on nerves |
| What are the 3 major plasma proteins | Albumin, globulins and fibrinogen |
| What is the importance of the shape of an erythrocyte | Allows easy movement through capillary walls |
| At what age does Sickle Cell Anemia first show up | 12 months |
| CSF and Interleukin 3 cause | An increase in WBC production |
| Leukemia consists of | one or more WBC present as undifferentiated, immature, nonfunctional cells (blasts) that multiply uncontrollable in bone marrow |
| Acute Leukemia | higher proportion immature blast cells, marked signs,abrupt onset, longer prognosis |
| Chronic Leukemia | high proportion mature cells, insidious onset, mild signs, better prognosis |
| Common manifestations of Leukemia are | Bone pain, weight loss, increased infections,and enlarged spleen, liver and nodes |
| Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant are treatments for | Leukemia |
| Malignancy to a single lymph node, defective T lymphocytes and decreased lympocyte count are related to what dieases | Hodgkins Disease |
| Main signs and symptoms for Hodgkins are | Enlarged painless lymph nodes and splenomegaly |
| Malignancy to mulitple nodes throughout the body, defective B lymphocytes and non organized metases are realated to | Non Hodgkins Disease |
| Multiple Myeloma is | an increased number plasma cells replace bone marrow and erode bone and blood cell production is impaired |
Created by:
cdanella
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