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Biology: Semester II
Spring Semester EXAM: Review Activity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which isotope would be best for measuring the age of mummified tissue? | Carbon-14 |
| Which fossil type provides the most anatomical information paleontologists? | Amber |
| What is the name of the period that followed extensive glaciations in the Precambrian? | Ediacaran |
| Nearly all fossils in what kind of rock? | Sedimentary |
| Pasteur's experiments led to the theory of __ | Biogenesis |
| ___ most likely provided the framework for amino acid chains to develop | Clay |
| Banded iron formations are important evidence for which idea in the early evolution of life? | Photosynthetic autotrophs |
| What is the approximate age of the earth? | 4.6 billion years |
| Life arising from nonlife | Spontaneous generation |
| Which gas was most likely not part of earth's early atmosphere? | Oxygen |
| Cells with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles | Eukaryotes |
| Earth formed and the first life forms appeared | Precambrian |
| Energy from sunlight and lightning allowed the first organic molecules to form | Oparin's hypothesis |
| For life to exist, these molecules must first have formed | Amino acids |
| Francesco Redi performed a controlled experiment with flies and maggots to test this idea of the origin of life | Spontaneous generation |
| Mammals first appeared | Mesozoic era |
| Humans first appeared | Cenozoic era |
| Prokaryotic cells were involved in the formation of eukaryotic cells | Endosymbiont theory |
| First cells | Prokaryotic |
| First era of earth's history | Precambrian |
| Which type of fossil would reveal the skin color of a 90 million year old frog? | Amber fossils |
| A mass extinction that included the disappearance of all dinosaur species occurred during the | Mesozoic era |
| Smallest units of geologic time | Epoch |
| Determining the age of a fossil by measuring radioactive elements | Radiometric dating |
| Scientist who studies fossils | Paleontologist |
| Unit of geologic time consisting of two or more periods that lasts hundreds of millions of years | Era |
| Divisions of geologic time lasting tens of millions of years are called | Periods |
| States that younger layers of rock are deposited atop the older layers | Law of superposition |
| Remains of once living organisms | Fossils |
| Any indirect evidence left by an organism | Trace |
| Empty pore spaces are filled in by minerals | Petrification |
| Impression of an organism | Mold |
| Mold filled with sediment | Cast |
| Mummification or freezing | Original material fossil |
| Organism preserved in hardened sap | Amber fossil |
| Charles Darwin observed ___ while visiting the different Galapagos Islands | Tortoises w/different shells |
| Studying the structures of different organism embryos | Comparative embryology |
| Polar bear fur is better camouflage on ice flows than a brown bear's fur | Adaptation |
| Change of a species over time | Evolution |
| Leafy sea dragon looks more like a plant than an animal | Camouflage |
| Viceroy butterfly's colors match the monarch butterfly's colors | Mimicry |
| The feather is an example of a(n) ___, not found in all ancestors | Derived trait |
| Eagle's wings and beetle's wings are ___ structures | Analogous |
| Industrial melanism is a type of ___ | Structural adaptation |
| A whale's flipper and a bird's wing | Homologous structure |
| A small, separated population with unique genetic make up | Founder effect |
| Constant allele frequencies in a population | Genetic equilibrium |
| Measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation | Fitness |
| Organisms most adapted to their environment survive, those which are not best adapted die | Natural selection |
| Process of directed breeding | Artificial selection |
| Reduction in number of alleles resulting in a population that is genetically similar | Bottleneck |
| Structures that are reduced in form and function from their original forms in other organisms | Vestigial |
| Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor | Homologous |
| Cumulative changes in groups of organisms over time | Evolution |
| Early, pre-birth stage of an organisms development | Embryo |
| Explains the random changes in gene frequency found in a small population but not necessarily in a larger one | Genetic drift |
| Occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations to resemble each other | Mimicry |
| A species which evolves into a new species without a physical barrier being present | Sympatric speciation |
| In peacocks, ____ is seen as the males with large-tails are selected more frequently by females | Sexual selection |
| DNA similarities within a population of wild animals appears as though they have been inbred | Bottleneck effect |
| Theory of punctuated equilibrium seeks to replace the former model that explains evolution to occur slowly and smoothly called ___ | Gradualism |
| Two main components of natural selection are variation and ___ | Inheritance |
| What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce? | Postzygotic isolation |
| What occurs when average traits benefit a population rather than extreme traits? | Stabilizing selection |
| Process by which a population splits into two groups | Disruptive selection |
| Divergent evolution | Adaptive radiation |
| Primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that appear in ancestral forms | Ancestral traits |
| Can occur when a small sample of a population settles in a location separated from the rest of the population | Founder-Effect |
| States that when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium | Hardy-Weinberg principle |
| Most common form of natural selection | Stabilizing |
| A physical barrier divides one population into two or more populations | Allopatric speciation |
| Active during the day | Diurnal |
| Active during the night | Nocturnal |
| Adapted to cold climates but were eventually replaced by modern humans | Neanderthals |
| ALL non-monkey anthropoids | Hominoids |
| Fifth limb | Prehensile tail |
| Finger that can be brought opposite the other fingers | Opposable |
| Forward-looking eyes with overlapping fields of vision | Binocular vision |
| Human-like primate | Anthropoid |
| Order of animals characterized by flexible hands and feet | Primates |
| Small, apelike hominins that lived in Africa between 4.2-4.1 mya | Australopithecine |
| Subfamily that includes only humans and human ancestors | Hominin |
| Walking upright on two legs | Bipedal |
| Group of primates at were the first to evolve | New World Monkeys |
| Adaptation which resulted in better gripping ability | Opposable tail |
| Mary Leakey discovered fossilized footprints of this species | A. afarensis |
| Which hominoid might be ancestral to apes and humans | A. afarensis |
| Which hominin likely was the first to use fire, live in caves and make tools? | H. erectus |
| Primates have ___ shoulders and hips | Limber |
| Most primates are tree-dwelling, or __ | Arboreal |
| Can be identified by their large eyes and ears | Strepsirrhines |
| Group which includes tarsiers, monkeys and apes | Haplorhines |
| Earliest fossilized primate | Altiatlasius |
| System of naming species using two words | Binomial nomenclature |
| Taxon of closely related species that share a recent common ancestor | Genus |
| Branch of biology that groups and names species based on studies of their different characteristics | Taxonomy |
| Domain thought to be more ancient than bacteria | Archaea |
| Inherited feature varies among the members of a species | Character |
| Branching diagram that represents the evolution of a species or other taxon | Cladogram |
| Species is a group of organisms that are able to successfully reproduce in the wild | Biological species concept |
| Taxon that contains one or more kingdoms | Domain |
| Prokaryotes found living in acid runoff or sulfur vents or volcanoes | Archaea |
| Substance most likely to be found in the cell walls of an organism with chloroplasts | Cellulose |
| All organisms are grouped into ___ which range in specificity of criteria | Taxa |
| What is the second name in binomial nomenclature | Species |
| Mushrooms are found in kingdom | Fungi |
| Assumes that species are unchanging and should be grouped by physical similarities | Typological species concept |
| Method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor | Cladistics |
| Structure and form of an organism or one of its parts | morphology |
| Study of biological diversity with an emphasis on evolutionary history | Systematics |
| Consists of similar, related genera | Family |
| Contains related classes | Phylum |
| Nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat | Virus |
| May be found in a field guide | Dichotomous key |
| Model that compares DNA sequences from two different species to estimate how long they have been evolving since they diverged from a common ancestor | Molecular clock |
| Without a nucleus | Prokaryotic |
| Cell walls of eukaryotes contain | Peptidoglycan |
| Dormant cell produced by bacteria to withstand harsh conditions | Endospore |
| Viruses must enter a ___ in order to replicate | Host |
| Bacterial enzymes convert N gas into compounds | Nitrogen-fixation |
| Protein that can cause infection or disease | Prions |
| Covers the outside of the cell wall | Capsule |
| Division of a bacterial cell into two genetically identical | Binary fission |
| Host cell makes many copies of the viral RNA or DNA | Lytic cycle |
| Transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another | Conjugation |
| Viral DNA integrates into the host chromosome | Lysogenic cycle |
| Metabolic process in an active cell which changes atmospheric nitrogen into useful nitrogen compounds | Nitrogen fixation |
| Study the natural history of viruses and the disease they cause | Virologist |
| Widely diffused or prevalent | Widespread |
| First organisms to populate the earth | Prokaryotes |
| Bacteria normally present on your body and inside your body are referred to as... | Normal flora |
| Strain of bacteria called ___ live within your intestines and are important in the manufacture of vitamin K | E. coli |
| Viruses are classified according to... | Genetic material |
| Most members of the phylum Ascomycota are ___ | Multicellular |
| Fungus do not belong in the plant kingdom because they do not take part in ___ | Photosynthesis |
| Can be used for both sexual and asexual reproduction in fungus | Spores |
| Sac fungi produce spore-bearing hyphae called | Conidiophores |
| The ascus of a sac fungi is a structure in which ___ develop | Spores |
| The fruiting body of a club fungus | Basidiocarp |
| Rapid growth of basidiocarps is due to | Cell enlargement |
| Specialized hyphae which spread across the surface of food | Stolons |
| Saprophytic basidiocarps produce enzymes that ... | Decompose wood |
| Deuteromycetes | Imperfect fungi |
| Appears to lack a sexual stage in life cycle | Deuteromycota |
| Cross-walls between fungal cells | Septa |
| Filaments in a multicellular fungus | Hyphae |
| Fungal reproductive structure | Fruiting body |
| Includes mushrooms | Basidiomycota |
| Most common fungi phylum, includes yeast | Ascomycota |
| Netlike body of a fungus | Mycelium |
| Produces flagellated spores | Chytridiomycota |
| Unicellular fungus | Yeast |
| Includes bread molds and other food molds | Zygomycota |
| Fragmentation, budding or producing spores | Asexual reproduction |
| Producing a large number of spores increases a species... | Chances of survival |
| Fungal spores can be dispersed by animals, water and ___ | Wind |
| Protect spores and keep them from drying out until they are released | Sporangia |
| Specialized hyphae which penetrate food, anchor the mycelium and absorb nutrients for the common mold | Rhizoids |
| In sexual reproduction, parts of two haploid ___fuse to form a diploid structure | Mating strains |
| A fungus is the source for ____ (anti-rejection)drugs that are given to organ transplant patients | Immune Suppressant |
| Produces airy bread and the alcohol in beer and wine | Fermentation |
| Use of fungi and bacteria to remove pollution | Bioremediation |
| Tough, flexible polysaccharide found in the walls of fungus and insect exoskeletons | Chitin |
| Which type of protists often feed on decaying matter? | Fungus-like |
| Giant kelp | Algae |
| ALL protists are... | Eukaryotic |
| Protists can live in ___ conditions in which they depend on other organisms | Symbiotic |
| A paramecium is a type of ___ | Ciliate |
| Contains copies of the Protists' genome for controlling "daily" functions | Macronucleus |
| Contains instructions for reproduction | Micronucleus |
| Spore producing ___ are in the phylum apicomplexa | Sporozoans |
| Type of protist that causes American sleeping sickness | Zooflagellates |
| Green algae and plants both contain... | Photosynthetic pigments |
| Red tides and algal blooms are caused by... | Dinoflagellates |
| What type of plant-like protist produces much of the oxygen in the atmosphere? | Phytoplankton |
| Algae use ___ to absorb light for photosynthesis in deep water | Secondary pigments |
| What is the cell wall made up of in a fungus-like protist | Cellulose |
| What is the name of the feeding stage of a slime mold in which it is a mobile cytoplasmic mass? | Plasmodium |
| During a shortage of food, a slime mold releases ___ and forms a slug-like colony. | Acrasin |
| In which country did a type of downy mildew destroy the potato crop? | Ireland |
| In which country did we see a population spike due to a type of downy mildew destroying a potato crop | United States |
| Where/how do diatoms store their food? | Oil |
| Which organism has silica walls | Diatoms |
| Enables a paramecium to regulate the water levels within the cell | Contractile vacuole |
| Contains parasitic sporozoans | Apicomplexa |
| Have a whip-like projection called a flagella | Zoomastigina |
| Includes all species of amoeba | Sarcodina |
| Includes all species of kelp | Brown algae |
| Includes the most common species of algae found in NA freshwater | Green algae |
| Used to thicken puddings, syrups and shampoos | Red algae |
| Uses the sexual process called conjugation during reproduction | Ciliophora |
| Phylum with both animal and plant like characteristics | Euglenophyta |
| Protists that bloom and turn ocean water red in color | Dinoflagellates |
| Most freshwater algae species are classified into the phylum... | Chlorophyta |
Created by:
SavannahElkins
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