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ITEssentials:chap5

Flash cards for Chapter 5: Fundamental Operating system

QuestionAnswer
What 4 things do all operating systems do? control hardware access, manage files and folders, provide a user interface, and manage applications.
How does an OS access and communicate with hardware? It installs a device driver for each hardware component.
What is the Process of assigning system resources and installing drivers automatically called? Plug and Play (PnP)
What does an OS do to store data? It creates a file structure on the HDD
What is a file?
What is a directory? Program and dataq files that have been grouped together.
What are subdirectories? Directories nested inside of another directory.
On the Windows OS, what are directories and subdirectories called? folders and subfolders.
What is a User interface? A way for a user to interact with software and hardware.
What are 2 types of User interfaces? Command line interface (CLI), and Graphical user interface (GUI).
what is an application? programs, such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, and games
what is an Application Programming Interface (API)? is a set of guidelines used by programmers to ensure that the application they are developing is compatible with an operating system.
what terms are often used when comparing operating systems? Multi-user, Multi-tasking, Multi-processing, Multi-threading.
What does multi-user mean? Two or more users can work with programs and share peripheral devices, such as printers, at the same time.
What does Multi-tasking mean? The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.
What does Multi-Processing mean? The computer can have two or more central processing units (CPUs) that programs share
What does Multi-threading mean? A program can be broken into smaller parts that can be loaded as needed by the operating system. Multi-threading allows individual programs to be multi-tasked.
What does the mode of operation detwrmin for a CPU? how the CPU manages applications and memory.
What are the 4 common modes of operation? real mode, protected mode, virtual real mode, and compatible mode
What are some charateristics of Real Mode? can only execute one program at a time, and it can only address 1 MB of system memory.
What are some charateristics of Protected Mode? can access all memory including virtual memory, can manage multiple programs simultaneously,applications are protected from using the memory reserved for another application, 32-bit access.
What are some charateristics of Virtual Real Mode? allows a real-mode application to run within a protected-mode operating system.
What are some charateristics of Comopatibility mode? creates the environment of an earlier operating system for applications that are not compatible with the current operating system.
What are the 3 main differences between 32-bit and 64-bit? 32-bit is capable of addressing only 4 GB of RAM,64-bit can address more than 128 GB of RAM, 64-bit has enhanced memory management, 64-bit has additional security features.
What are the 2 Processor Architectures? x86, and x64
What is the advantage of using x64 Architecture over x86? x64 architecture allow the computer to process much more complex instructions at a much higher rate.
What are the commands MD, CD, and RD? make directory, change directory, remove directory
what do the commands copy and xcopy do? Copies a file, copies files and subdirectories.
what does the command dir do? displays the contents of a directory
what does the command attrib do? changes the attributes of a file to indicate a read-only, archive, system, or hidden file.
what does the command edit do? opens a file for editing.
what are some characteristics of a deasktop OS? supports a single user, runs single-user applications, and shares files and folders on a small network with limited security.
Created by: alejo_flash
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