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Midterm 1 MC
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following chemical messengers is lipophilic and is therefore able to cross the cell membrane? | eicosanoids |
| Lipophilic chemical messengers are poorly soluble in water. However, many of these lipophilic messengers are transported throughout the body. Their transport in blood (water) is facilitated. | carrier proteins |
| Chronic exposure exposure to a ligand (messenger) ______________ to receptor population for that chemical messenger on the target cell. | down regulates |
| What part of a neuron releases neurotransmitter by exocytosis? | axon terminal |
| What region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine? | medulla |
| When the response to two hormones is greater than the sum of the individual responses, the response is described as _______________. | synergistic |
| A hormone is _________ when a second hormone is required for the first hormone to have any activity. | permissive |
| What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralcorticoids? | zona glomerulosa only |
| What type of ion channels in the membrane of neurons allow ions to move across the membrane at rest and thereby contribute to resting membrane potential? | leak channels |
| What type of cell enhances the velocity of electrical transmission of an action potential along an axon in the central nervous system? | oligodendrocyte |
| At the resting membrane potential, the electrochemical gradient for sodium across the membrane is such that the net flux for sodium movement is directed ____________, thereby causing the cell's membrane potential to become more __________. | inward; positive |
| The presence of the ________ prevents the dissipation of the concentration gradient for Na+. | Na+/K+ pump |
| If, under resting conditions, the membrane is much more permeable to sodium than potassium, what would happen to the resting membrane potential? | approach sodium's equilibrium potential |
| Which of the following events is faster? opening sodium activation gates, closing sodium inactivation gates, opening voltage-gated potassium channels, closing sodium activation gates | opening sodium activation gates |
| The jumping of an action potential from node-to-node is called ____________. | saltatory conduction |
| Axoaxonic synapses are responsible for __________ the extent of neurotransmitter released at the synapse. | modulating |
| The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the ________ of ___________ channels. | opening; chloride |
| What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines? | monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechil-)-methyltransferase (COMT) |
| _____________ is an amino acid neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses whereas ___________ is an amino acid neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses. | aspartate; glycine |
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