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ENG1131 A
Pre midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Noise, provide examples | Barriers/distractions Channel overload, physical/technical, emotional, environmental |
| Internal communication | between members of the organization |
| External communication | between members of org and general public |
| Upward communication | subordinate to superiour |
| Downward communication | superior to subordinate |
| horizontal/lateral communication | communication within same level |
| Business communication | to perform and to persuade |
| When writing you should know your receivers.... | purpose |
| 6 things to know when writing | Your reader Size of audience Environmental interferences Readers level of understanding Preferences and expectations Your personal history with reader |
| Keypoint: be less... | selfish in communicating, consider what your reader needs to know. |
| Your job is to be | a filter, and be able to include information that is needed. |
| in terms of content, ensure information is | accurate, ethical, and sufficient |
| Select channel of communication that corresponds to... | own needs and receivers needs |
| 5 things to consider when selecting a channel | type of volume of detail level of accuracy of channel speed required and feedback time richness of medium secrecy |
| Advantages/disadvantages of reports | good for high volume, formality, high detail bad for instand feedback |
| adv/dis of letters | adv: intimacy and formality dis: slow in general |
| adv of memos | good for internal communication, better for record keeping |
| adv/dis of emails | good for attachments, instant communication, long distances bad for formality (sound cold), emotion, sensitive situations |
| adv of faxes | good for visuals, and record keeping, written signature |
| Adv/ dis of written in general | good for detail, planning, advanced-thinking bad for emotional content |
| adv/dis of oral | good for emotions bad for no records |
| adv/dis of electronics in general | good for speed, distance, and feedback bad for emotion, and formality |
| Email is not a rich channel because there is... | no tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions |
| Email works well with... | basic routines People in different time zones Control Referencing previous conversations |
| Email doesn't work well with | Emotionally sensitive information People who can't write emails Highly sensitive, detailed, secret information Conflict resolution |
| Front loading | emphasis is placed on main ideas through structuring of paragraphs, and emails with main ideas "loaded first" |
| Direct approach is good if your audiences reaction is... It is direct because readers don't want to filter through information. | eager, pleased, interested, or neutral Starts off with main idea, and important points. Information supported with detail after. |
| Use indirect approach when the audiences reaction is... | displeased. Neutral statement acts as transition to the bad news(body) Close warmly without mentioning bad news. |
| If the audience is unwilling/uninterested. | capture their attention with statement or question, develop interest in body request action |
| Active voice | Subject is acting Emphasizes/draws attention to subject Encourages action Stresses who needs to make something happen, not what needs to happen |
| Passive voice | Subject is acted upon Draws attention to the object being acted upon Stresses what needs to happen, not who should do it. Bad for instructions/warnings indirect, softens the blow |
| Parallel structure | Be consistent, give equal weight to items in list. same grammatical form |
| For a bad news letter use direct approach if... | The reader is already expecting bad news, if its urgent to save readers time |
| For bad news letter use indirect approach if... | the reader is not prepared for bad news the reader has emotional investment in news To soften the blow To continue good relations with reader to welcome feedback |
| What are the goals of a bad news letter? | Communicate bad news, and gain acceptance. Maintain as much goodwill as possible preserve reputation of self and organization |
| What is a buffer? | A buffer is a neutral statement used to establish common ground. Serves as a smooth transaction to the bad news. Communicates respect to reader. |
| Block style format | Not indented, justified to the edge |
| Modified block style | Signature is in centre of page |
| White space | Enough to give readers a break, allows emphasis of important points. |
| Comma splices | Joining two ideas (independent clauses using only a comma. Can be fixed by including a conjunction or a semi colon. (FANBOYS) For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So |
| Run-on sentences | Lack of punctuation |
| Sentence fragment | Sentence lacking verb, key idea. (action) Dependent and independent clauses |
| Persuasion | The ability to make people think or do what you would like tem to think or do. |
| Writing plan for a persuasive request GBRM | Gain attention in the opening Build interest in body Reduce resistance Motivate action |
Created by:
wli043
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