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Old Linux Ch 2 Terms
CIT222 Ch 2 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) | A motherboard connection slot designed for video card peripherals allowing data transfer speeds of over 66MHz. |
| Advanced Power Management (APM) | A BIOS feature that shuts off power to peripheral devices that are not being used to save electricity; commonly used on laptop computers. |
| Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) | See also Integrated Drive Electronics |
| Architecture | The design and layout of a CPU; also called a computer platform. |
| Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) | The section of the CPU in which all the mathematical calculations and logic-based operations are executed. |
| Asymmetric Multiprocessing | A system containing more than one processor in which each processor is given a certain role or set of tasks to complete independently of the other processors. |
| BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) ROM | The computer chips on a computer mainboard that contain the programs used to initialize hardware components at boot time. |
| Bit | The smallest unit of information that a computer can compute. |
| Bus | A term that represents the pathway information takes from one hardware device to another via a mainboard. |
| Cache | A temporary store of information used by the processor. |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | An integrated circuit board used to perform the majority of all calculations on a computer system; also known as a processor or microprocessor. |
| Clock Speed | The speed at which a processor (or any other hardware device) can execute commands related to an internal time cycle. |
| Color Depth | The total set of colors that can be displayed on a computer video screen. |
| COM Ports | The rectangular, nine-pin connectors that can be used to connect a variety of different peripherals to the mainboard, including mice, serial printers, scanners, and digital cameras; also called serial ports. |
| Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) | the physically durable, removable storage media, which is resistant to data corruption and used in CD-ROM drives and CD-RW drives. |
| Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) | A computer chip used to store the configurable information used by the BIOS ROM. |
| Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) | The processors that execute complex instructions on each time cycle. |
| Control Unit (CU) | the area in the processor where instruction code or commands are loaded and carried out. |
| Direct Memory Access (DMA) | A capability provided by some bus architectures that allows peripheral devices the ability to bypass the CPU and talk directly with other peripheral components to enhance performance. |
| Disk Drive | the device that contains either a hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, CD-RW or Zip disk. |
| DNS Servers | The servers that resolve fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) such as www.linux.org to IP addresses so that users can connect to them across the Internet. |
| Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM) | A form of SDRAM that can transfer information at higher speeds than traditional SDRAM. |
| Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMM) | A newer connection slot having connectors (pins) along both edges, allowing the array of integrated circuits comprising a stick of RAM to connect to the motherboard. |
| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server | A server on the network that hands out internet Protocol (IP) configuration to computers that request it. |
| Dynamic RAM (DRAM) | A type of RAM that needs to refresh its store of information thousands of times per second and is available as a SIMM or DIMM stick. |
| Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) | A type of ROM whose information store can not only be erased and rewritten as a whole, but can also be modified singly, leaving other portions intact. |
| Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) | A type of ROM whose information store can be erased and rewritten, but only as a whole. |
| Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) | The RISC architecture used to describe the Itanium processor. |
| Extended Partition | A partition on a HDD that can be further subdivided into components called logical drives. |
| Filesystem | The way in which a HDD partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media; common Linux filesystems include ext2, ext3, REISERFS, and VFAT. |
| FireWire (IEEE1394) | A mainboard connection technology that was developed by Apple Computer Inc. in 1995 and supports data transfer speeds of up to 800MB per second. |
| Flash Memory Drive | A storage medium that uses EEPROM chips to store data. |
| Floppy Disks | A removable storage media consisting of a flexible medium coated with a ferrous material that are read by floppy disk drives. |
| Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) | The user-friendly names used to identify machines on networks and on the Internet. |
| Gateway | Also known as default gateway or gateway of last resort, the address of a computer that accepts information from the local computer and sends it to other computers if the local computer cannot. |
| Hard Disk Drive (HDD) | A device used to write and read data to and from a hard disk. |
| Hard Disks | nonremovable media consisting of a rigid disk coated with a ferrous material and used in hard disk drives (HDD). |
| Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) | A list of hardware components that have been tested and deemed compatible with a given operating system. |
| Host Name | A user-friendly name used to uniquely identify a computer on a network this name is usually a FQDN. |
| Hot-Swappable | The ability to add or remove hardware to or from a computer while the computer and operating system are functional. |
| HSync (horizontal refresh) | The rate at which horizontal elements of the video screen image are refreshed, allowing for changes or animation of the screen; HSync is measured in Hertz (Hz). |
| Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) | An older motherboard connection slot designed to allow peripheral components an interconnect, and which transfers information at a speed of 8MHz. |
| Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) | Also known as ATA, it consists of controllers that control the flow of information to and from up to four hard disks connected to the mainboard via a ribbon cable. |
| Internet Protocol (IP) Address | The unique number that each computer participating on the Internet must have. |
| Interrupt Request (IRQ) | A unique channel from a device to the CPU. |
| I/O (Input/Output) Address | the small working area of RAM where the CPU can pass information to and receive information from a device. |
| Level 1 (L1) Cache | The cache memory stored in the processor itself |
| Level 2 (L2) Cache | The cache memory stored in a computer chip on the motherboard for use by the processor or within the processor itself. |
| LEVEL 3 (L3) Cache | The cache memory stored in a computer chip on the motherboard for use by the processor. |
| Logical Drives | The smaller partitions contained within an extended partition on a HDD. |
| LPT Port | A rectangular, 25-pin connection to the mainboard used to connect peripheral devices such as printers; also called parallel ports. |
| Mainboard | A circuit board that connects all other hardware components together via slots or ports on the circuit board; also called a motherboard. |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | The area of a hard disk outside a partition that stores partition information and boot loaders. |
| Motherboard | See also Mainboard. |
| Netmask | Also known as the network mask or subnet mask, it specifies which portion of the IP address identifies the logical network the computer is on. |
| Network Interface Card (NIC) | A hardware device used to connect a computer to a network of other computers and communicate or exchange information on it. |
| Parallel Port | See also LPT Port. |
| Partitions | A small section of an entire hard drive created to make the hard drive easier to use. Partitions can be primary or extended, |
| Peripheral Component | The components that attach to the mainboard of a computer and provide a specific function, such as a video card, mouse, or keyboard. |
| Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) | The most common motherboard connection slot found in computers today, which can transfer information at a speed of 33MHz and use DMA. |
| Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) | A mainboard connection technology that allows a small card to be inserted with the electronics necessary to provide a certain function. |
| Physical Memory | A storage area for information that is directly wired through circuit boards to the processor. |
| Plug-and-Play (PnP) | A technology that allows peripheral devices to automatically receive the correct IRQ, I/O address, and DMA settings without any user intervention. |
| Power-On Self Test (POST) | The initialization of hardware components by the ROM BIOS when the computer is first powered on. |
| Primary Partitions | the separate divisions into which a HDD can be divided (up to four are allowed per HDD). |
| Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) | A blank ROM computer chip that can be written to once and never rewritten again. |
| PS/2 Ports | The small, round mainboard connectors developed by IBM with six pins that typically connect keyboards and mice to the computer. |
| Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) | A proprietary type of RAM developed by Rambus Corporation. |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | A computer chip able to store information that is then lost when there is no power to the system. |
| Read-Only Memory (ROM) | A computer chip able to store information in a static, permanent manner, even when there is no power to the system. |
| Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) Processors | The relatively fast processors that understand small instruction sets. |
| Refresh Rate | The rate at which information displayed on a video screen is refreshed; it is measured in Hertz (Hz). |
| Removable Media | The information storage media that can be removed from a computer, allowing transfer of data between machines. |
| Resolution | The total number of pixels that can be displayed horizontally and vertically on a computer video screen. |
| Serial Port | See also COM Port. |
| Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMM) | An older type of memory stick that connects to the mainboard using connectors along only one edge. |
| Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) | A technology that consists of controllers that can connect several SCSI HDDs to the mainboard and control the flow of data to and from the SCSI HDDs. |
| Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Modules (SODIMM) | A DIMM module that is physically smaller than traditional DIMM modules and used in notebook and Macintosh computers. |
| Static Ram (SRAM) | An expensive type of RAM commonly used in computer chips on the mainboard and which has a fast access speed. |
| Superscalar | The ability for a computer processor to complete more than one command in a single cycle. |
| Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) | A system containing more than one processor in which each processor shares tasks and memory space. |
| Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) | A form of RAM that uses the standard DIMM connector and transfers data at a very fast rate. |
| Universal Serial Bus (USB) | A mainboard connection technology that allows data transfer speeds of up to 480MB per second and is used for many peripheral components, such as mice, printers, and scanners. |
| Video Adapter Card | A peripheral component used to display graphical images to a computer monitor. |
| Volatile | A term used to describe information storage devices that store information only when there is electrical flow. Conversely, nonvolatile information storage devices store information even when there is no electrical flow. |
| VSync (Vertical Refresh) | The rate at which vertical elements of the video screen image are refreshed measured in Hertz (Hz). |
| Zip Disk | A removable information storage unit similar to a floppy disk that can store much more information than floppy disks and which is used in Zip drives. |
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Leisac
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