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Ch. 7 Review
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two main anatomical parts that the nervous system is divided into? | central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system |
| the division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord; consolidates information received from the organs and develops commands to be sent to the organs; and is also the site of learning, memory, emotions, and cognition | CNS or central nervous system |
| the division of the nervous system that contains nerves that provide communication between the central nervous system and organs of the body; includes afferent and efferent branches | peripheral nervous system |
| What are the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system? | afferent and efferent |
| Neurons of the __________ division transmit sensory and visceral information from the organs to the CNS. | afferent |
| Neurons of the ___________ division transmit information from the CNS to organs in the periphery that perform functions in response to commands from neurons. | efferent |
| Internal environment comes from ___________ information. | visceral |
| External environment comes from _____________ information. | sensory |
| cells, tissues, or organs that respond to neural or chemical signals; in homeostatic regulatory systems, cells, tissues, or organs that respond to output signals of the integrating center and bring about the final response. | effector organs |
| A neuron capable of transmitting messages to an effector organ or receiving information from a sensory organ is said to _________ that organ. | innervate |
| The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two main branches. Which are? | somatic and autonomic nervous system |
| the division of the nervous system that encompasses nerve cells that regulate skeletal muscle contractions | somatic |
| the division of the nervous system that encompasses efferent neurons that synapse with and regulate the function of internal organs and other structures not under voluntary control | autonomic |
| efferent neuron of the somatic nervous system that synapses on skeletal muscle cells; originates in the spinal cord ventral horn or in analogous structures in the brainstem | motor neuron |
| The __________ nervous system consists of the motor neurons which regulate skeletal muscle contractions. | somatic |
| The ________ nervous system consists of neurons that regulate the function of internal organs and other structures (such as sweat glands and blood vessels) that are not under voluntary control. | autonomic |
| The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two branches. Which are? | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| What are the two main classes of cells in the nervous system? | neurons and glial cells |
| cells in the nervous system that provide various types of support to the neurons, including structural and metabolic support | glial cells |
| cells capable of producing action potentials | excitable cells |
| What are the three main components of a neuron? | cell body, dendrites and an axon |
| The ___________ contains the cell nucleus and most of the cell's organelles; it carries out most of the functions that other cells perform, such as protein synthesis and cellular metabolism. | cell body (soma) |
| branches that extend from the cell body of a neuron and receive information from other neurons. | dendrites |
| specialized junction in a neuron | synapse |
| branch that extends from the cell body of a neuron and sends information to other neurons or effector cells via action potentials and release of neurotransmitter | axon |
| A dendrites function in to (send/receive) information and an axons function is to (send/receive) information. | dendrite = receive axon = send |
| branches of an axon are called _________. | collaterals |
| The axon functions in the rapid transmission of information over relatively long distances in the form of electrical signals called ________ _____________, is brief, large changes in membrane potential. | action potentials |
| During an action potential the inside of the cell becomes (+/-) charged relative to the outside of the cell. | positively + |
| The site where the axon originates from the cell body of a neuron and the point of initiation of action potentials; trigger zone. | axon hillock |
| the end of the axon that forms a synapse with another neuron or an effector cell. | axon terminal |
| ion channels that are always open; responsible for the resting membrane potential. | leak channels |
| ion channels that open or close in response to a chemical messenger binding to the channel | ligand-gated channel |
| channels that open or close in response to a change in membrane potential | voltage-gated channel |
| What are the three functional classes of neurons? | afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons |
| ___________ neurons transmit information from the central nervous system to effector organs. | Efferent |
| neurons that transmit information from the central nervous system to effector organs | efferent |
Created by:
GracieLou
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