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EKU myco yeast test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of fungi is known as | mycology |
| The plural of fungus is | Fungi |
| an infection or disease of fungal etiology is known as | mycosis |
| What is the plural of mycosis | mycoses |
| The ingestion of toxic fungus is known as | mycetismus |
| Intoxication due to a fungal toxin is called | mycotoxicosis |
| A person with a hypersensitivity to fungal antigens has | Fungal allergies |
| Where would you find toxic moulds | in housing |
| If there is a mould problem within a house, what other problem could you expect | water problem |
| Who is the founder of medical mycology | David Gruby |
| When was it demonstrated that favus was caused by fungus | 1841 |
| What is the scientific name of favus | dermatophyte mould |
| When was oldium albicans discovered to cause thrush in infants | 1842 |
| What type of cells make up fungi? | eukaryotic |
| What does saprophytic mean | organism that feeds on dead organic matter |
| What is the oxygen requirement of fungi? | aerobic or facultative |
| What is the rigid cell wall of fungi made of | chitin |
| What is chitin | the rigid cell wall of fungi |
| What is the optimum temperature that fungi grow at? | 15-30 C |
| What is the optimum pH range that fungi grow at? | 6-7 |
| What is the optimum humidity that fungi grow in | 95-100% |
| How do fungi reproduce | sporulation |
| What is the function of the spore | dissemination |
| What does dissemination mean | dispersal |
| What are the two somatic forms of fungi? | Yeast and Mould |
| Yeast is (unicellular or multicellular) | unicellular |
| Mould is (unicellular or multicellular) | multicellular |
| Mould is (filamentous or non filamentous) | filamentous |
| tubular filaments are known as | hypha |
| what is the plural of hypha | hyphae |
| Hypha with crosswalls is known as | septate |
| hypha with no cross wall is known as | aseptate |
| hypha that are colorless are known as | hyaline |
| hypha that are pigmented are known as | dematiaceous |
| The total mass of hyphae which constitute a fungal colony is called | mycelium |
| what is the plural of mycelium | mycelia |
| mycelium that grows above the agar surface is called | aerial |
| mycelium that grows below the agar surface is called | vegetative |
| what is not formed by cleavage | conidium |
| what is the plural of conidium | conidia |
| what is a small, single-celled conidium called | microconidium |
| what is a large septate conidium called | macroconidium |
| What are the two origins of conidia | blastic or thallic |
| what is produced by cleavage and contained within a membrane | endospore |
| sporangium and spherule are examples of what | endospores |
| what is a thick walled resting spore called | chlamydospore |
| these are blown out from a mother cell | blastoconidium |
| these are blastic conidium extruded from conidiogenus cell | phialoconidium |
| what is a conidiogenus cell called | phialide |
| what is the septation and disarticulation of conidiogenus hypha | arthroconidium |
| what is produced through minute pore in wall of conidiophore or previously formed conidium | tretoconidium |
| what is blown out successively from conidiophore that extends to form new apex as each spore is formed | sympodioconidium |
| what is a conidiophore called | sympodula |
| blastoconidium, phialoconidium, arthroconidium, tretoconidium, and sympodioconidium are all types of what kind of sporulation | asexual |
| What is the phylum of water fungi | zygomycota |
| What type of asexual spore does zygomycota have | sporangiospore |
| What is characteristic of zygomycota | rapid growth and aseptate |
| what is the phylum of sac fungi | ascomycota |
| What kind of asexual spore does ascomycota have | conidium |
| What is the phylum of club fungi | basidiomycota |
| what is the type of asexual spore does basidiomycota have | conidium |
| basidiomycota is known to have no? | animal pathogens |
| what phylum is known as the fungi imperfecti | deuteromycota |
| what type of asexual spore does deuteromycota have | conidium |
| What form does mould take in nature | saprobic |
| what form does mould take when infectious | parasitic form |
| Sab or SDA is what | sabouraud agar |
| what is found in sabouraud agar (SDA, Sab) | peptone, glucose, pH 5.6 |
| Whatis PDA | Potato dextrose agar |
| What is in potato dextrose agar (PDA) | potato infusion, glucose, pH 5.6 |
| What is MEA | malt extract agar |
| what is in malt extract agar (MEA) | grain extract, pH4.7 |
| What are three moderately selective media for fungi | sabouraud (SDA, Sab), Potato dextrose (PDA), and Malt extract (MEA) |
| What is BHI | brain heart infusion |
| what is Sabhi | a combination of BHI and Sab |
| What are three non-selective media for fungi | Modified sabouraud, brain heart infusion, and sabhi |
| How are selective media for fungi developed | via the addition of antimicrobials |
| what do chloramphenicol and gentamicin do | inhibit bacteria |
| what does cycloheximide do | inhibit saprobic fungi and zygomycetes |
| what is another name for cycloheximide | actidone |
| What kind of samples can inoculate the surface of media | fluids, sputum, urine, supernatant from homogenized tissues |
| What kind of samples have to inoculate media via the subsurface method | skin scrapings, nail clippings, hair, tissue fragments |
| What temperature will all clinically significant fungi grow at | 25-30 C or room temperature |
| What is 35-37 C used for in primary isolation | conversion of dimorphic fungus to parasitic form |
| How long must cultures be held before being considered negative | 4-6 weeks |
| What can be used for a direct KOH mount | Turbid fluids, exudates, sputum, and tissue fragments |
| Will fungi show up on gram stain | yes |
| Qhat is the usual aqueous solution concentration | 10-20% (w/v) |
| What are two nonspecific fluorochrome stains | calcofluor white and congo red |
| What is the counter stain for calcofluor white | evans blue |
| what is the counter stain for congo red | potassium permanganate |
| What can the fluorochrome method used for | wet mounts, smears, and tissue sections |
| What are the basic criteria for fungal identification | growth rate, colony morphology, microscopic morphology, tease mount, microslide culture, lpbc mount, biochemical characteristics, antigenic characteristics |
| What are some words that can me used to describe colony morphology of fungi | velvety, coarse, cottony, wooly |
| What are the two mycoses that are not exogenous in origin | pityriasis versicolor and candidosis |
| other than pityriasis versicolor and candidosis what are most mycoses | exogenous |
| who is more likely to contract a fungal infection | young children, old, and immunocompromised |
| what makes serological testing hard | antigen cross reactivity |
| What is another name for canidosis | candidiasis |
| What is the most outstanding candida species | candida albicans |
| Are candida species fastidious or opportunistic | opportunistic |
| Where is candidosis acquired | endogenous/own flora |
| What is normally required for a candidosis infection to happen | some kind of predisposition, young, old, immunocompromised |
| Where are the focal infections for candidosis | cutaneous, vaginitis, oropharyngeal, keratitis, conjuctivitis, onychomycosis |
| what is another name for a candidosis infection of the oropharyngeal region | thrush |
| What systemic infections of candidosis | pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, nephritis |
| What is onychomycosis | infection of the nails |
| What are four laboratory identification methods for candida albicans | pseudohyphae on gram stain, germ tube formation in vitro at 37 C, chlamydospores in vitro at RT, carb assimilations |
| What is another name for large resting spores | chlamydospores |
| What is another name for elongated blastochlamydia | pseudohyphae |
| What mediums can be used for germ tube formation in candida | human serum, coagulase plasma and trypic soy broth, rice infusion oxgal Tween 80 |
| What is another name for RIOT agar | rice infusion oxgall tween 80 |
| How long must a sample be incubated before seeing germ tubes | 37 C up to 3 hours |
| What is a germ tube | somatic hyphae |
| How can you distinguish between a germ tube and pseudohyphae | germ tubs are normally parallel in formation while pseudohyphae are pinched at connection side and bow out |
| What can distinguish candida albicans from other candida species | formation of germ tube! |
| Where is the location of the chlamydospores in candida albicans | termial |
| what does terminal mean | end |
| what does sessile mean | beginning |
| What two types of agar can be used with candida albicans to show chlamydospore formation | corn meal agar or RIOT agar |
| What temperature do chlamydospores form on RIOT or corn meal agar | Room temp |
| How long does it take for chlamydospores to form on candida albican at room temp | 48 hours at least |
| What API system is used to identify yeasts | API 20C Aux |
| What is the method that the API uses to identify yeast | carbohydrate assimilation |
| What does carbohydrate assimilation mean | if the organism is able to use a carbohydrate as a carbon source allowing it to grow |
| What does fermentation of carbohydrate mean | can an organism utilize a carb as a metabolite and yield an acid |
| What is an older method of identification of yeast | yeast wheel |
| What type of agar did the yeast wheel use | corn meal |
| How many serotypes does cryptococcus neoformans have | four |
| How many varieties does cryptococcus neoformans have | two |
| C. neoformans var neoformans has what serotypes | A and D |
| C. neoformans var gattii has what serotypes | B and C |
| Where can cryptococcus be isolated from | soil and fruits, pigeon and chicken manure |
| What fruit is most likely to have cryptococcus | peaches |
| What kind of capsule does cryptococcus have | polysaccharide |
| Which yeast has a capsule | cryptococcus |
| what do you call a cryptococcus infection | cryptococcosis |
| Around how many species does cryptococcus have? | 50 |
| Can cryptococcus affect healthy people | yes |
| What type of pathogen is cryptococcus | overt and opportunistic |
| does cryptococcus form a capsule in nature | no |
| how can one become infected with cryptococcus | inhilation |
| around what percent of people infected with cryptococcus present with menigitis | 80 |
| Where may the disseminated disease of cryptococcus affect | shin, bones, and other organs |
| Where can the systemic disease of cryptococcus affect | spinal fluid, sputum, and skin |
| When detecting crytococcus what prep is normally used | india ink |
| what sample is normally used when doing an india ink prep | spinal fluid |
| What type of spinal fluid is okay to use when doing an india ink prep | cloudy or turbid |
| What should be done to spinal fluid if it is clean and you are going to do an india ink prep | centrifuge |
| what would you do an india ink prep on | cryptococcus |
| What stains when an india ink prep is used | capsules |
| does the india ink have a high or low sensitivity | low |
| What are the five ways to get a definitive identification of cryptococcus | phenoloxidase/melanin, bird seed agar, staib agar, esculin agar, l-dopa, and caffeic acid |
| What is found in the bird seed agar | niger seed and thistle seed |
| What color do the colonies of crytpococcus grow on esculin agar | brown to black |
| how long should cryptococcus be incubated before color change on esculin agar | 24-48 hours |
| What is L-DOPA | a precursor to dopamine in the brain and found in several food sources |
| What is caffeic acid | It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal sources of biomass. |
| What is the latex agglutination used to detect | crytococcal |
| What is the sensitivity of the latex agglutination method | 90% |
| What does the latex agglutination detect | cryptococcal capsule antigen |
| what is coated with latex in the latex agglutination method | the antibody |
| What does CDBT stand for | Creatinine dextrose bromothymol blue thymine |
| What does CGB stand for | canavanine, glycine and bromothymol blue |
| What medium does cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans grow on | CDBT |
| What color does cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans grow on CDBT | red orange |
| What serotype is Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans | d |
| What medium does cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans not grow on | CGB |
| What serotype is cryptococcus neoformans var grubii | A |
| What medium does cryptococcus neoformans var grubii not grow on | CDBT |
| What serotype is C. gattii | B and C |
| What medium does C. gattii grow on | CDGT and CGB |
| What color does C. Gattii grow on CDGT | blue/green |
| What color does C. Gattii grow on CGB | blue |
| Were is C. Gattii endemic | South/Central america |
| What is C. Gatti associated with | eucalyptus trees |
| On the Chromagar-Candida what color would you see albicans | green |
| On the chromagar- candida what color would you see tropicalis | blue |
| On the chromagar-candida what could would you see krusei | mauve with wight border |
Created by:
jnwells03
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