Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 5 review
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proteins on a target cell that recognize and bind a chemical messenger; in sensory systems, detectors of stimuli | receptors |
| the process by which the binding of chemical messenger to receptors brings about a response in a target cell | signal transduction |
| type of chemical messenger for which the secretory cell and target cell are the same | autocrine |
| type of chemical messenger that communicates with neighboring cells by simple diffusion | paracrine |
| chemical messenger released from the axon terminal of a neuron | neurotransmitter |
| chemical messengers released from endocrine cells or glands into the interstitial fluid, where they then diffuse into the blood and travel to target cells | hormones |
| proteins that stimulate the growth and proliferation of a particular type of tissue | growth factors |
| plasma proteins that form blood clots when activated | clotting/coagulating factors |
| peptides or proteins that are usually secreted by immune cells in response to a stimulus | cytokines |
| at a synapse, a neuron that transmits signals to a second neuron or an effector cell | presynaptic neuron |
| cell that receives communication from a neurotransmitter released at a synapse | postsynaptic cell |
| special class of hormones released by neurosecretory cells | neurohormones |
| Name the 4 functional classifications of chemical messengers: | 1. Paracrine 2. Autocrine 3. Neurotransmitter 4. Hormone |
| molecules are lipid-soluble and therefore readily cross the plasma membrane, but they do not dissolve in water | lipophilic (hydrophobic) |
| molecules are water soluble and therefore do not cross the plasma membrane | lipophobic (hydrophilic) |
| What are the 5 major chemical classes of messengers? | 1. Amino acids 2. Amines 3. Peptides/proteins 4. Steroids 5. Eicosanoids |
| Amino acids are lipophobic/lipophilic? | lipophobic |
| Amine acids are lipophobic/lipophilic? | lipohobic |
| Peptide/Proteins are lipophobic/lipophilic? | lipophobic |
| Steroids are lipophobic/lipophilic? | lipophilic |
| Eicosanoids are lipophobic/lipophilic? | lipophilic |
| amine compounds that contain a catechol group are are derived from the amino acid tyrosine | catecholamines |
| Name 3 catecholamines: | 1. dopamine 2. norepinephrine 3. epinephrine |
| Steroids are a class of compounds derived from ___________. | cholesterol |
| ___________ is the precursor for norepinphrine. | dopamine |
| time it takes for half the amount of a molecule to be degraded | half-life |
| The strength of the binding between a messenger and its receptor is termed __________. | affinity |
| Ligands that bind to receptors and produce a biological response are called __________. | agonist |
| __________ are ligands that binds to receptors but do not produce a response. | antaqonist |
| What are the three categories that membrane-bound receptors fall into? | 1. channel-linked receptors 2. enzyme-linked receptors 3. G protein-linked receptors |
| Ion channels that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical to a receptor or to the channel are called _________ channels. | ligand-gated |
| protein that functions as both an ion channel and a receptor; binding of a messenger to the receptor portion of the protein opens the channel | channel-linked receptor |
| an intracellular messenger molecule that is produced in response to the binding of an extracellular messenger (the first messenger) to a receptor | second messenger |
| cytosolic calcium-binding protein; modulates the activity of intracellular proteins. | calmodulin |
| plasma membrane proteins that function as both a receptor and an enzyme | enzyme-linked receptors |
| plasma membrane receptor that is coupled to a G protein | G-protein linked receptor |
| membrane proteins with the ability to bind guanosine nucleotides; function in coupling an extracellular messenger to a response inside the target cell | G protein |
| What is the most common second messenger? | cAMP |
| a series of sequential steps that progressively increase in magnitude | cascade |
| What are the two organ systems that are specialized for long-distance communication? | the nervous system and the endocrine system |
| What are the three types of cell surface receptors? | 1. channel-linked receptors 2. enzyme-linked receptors 3. G Protein-linked receptors |
Created by:
GracieLou
Popular Physiology sets