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eku Micro Test 1
EKU Micro Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F Infectious diseases are increasing causes of morbidity and mortality | True |
| STI are (epidemic, endemic or pandemic) | Pandemic |
| Where do nosocomial infections occur? | Hospitals, nursing facilities, and long term care facilities |
| What percent of people are expected to acquire a nosocomial infection? | 5% |
| How many people each year in the US acquire Gonorrhea? | 500k |
| How did lassa fever come to America? | Missionary Nurse from Africa |
| What temperature must beef be cooked to as regulated by the FED? | 140 |
| What is the most common portal of entry? | Respiratory and gasterointestial |
| What is a major complication with infectious diseases? | Drug resistance |
| What is the only infection that has been eradicated from the world population? | smallpox |
| West nile may have been this as conspiracy theorist? | It was a terrorist attack |
| Polio has how many serovars? | 3 |
| When was the last endemic case of small pox? | 1977 |
| When was small pox eradicated world wide? | 1980 |
| Microbes inhabiting a particular body site in most healthy persons | Normal or indigenous flora |
| microbes established at abody site and not affecting host in any adverse manner | commensal |
| microbes adventitiously present at body site and not capable of establishing it's self under present conditions | Transient |
| microbe isolated from a specimen but not actually present at that body site | contaminant |
| microbe producing pathological effects at body site in particular instance; viz. etiological agent of an infectious diseases | Pathogen |
| Body sites with normal flora | skin, conjunctiva, nasopharynx, oropharynx, upper intestine, large intestine and feces, lower urogenital tract |
| from the environment or another host | exogenous |
| from the host;s own indigenous flora | endogenous |
| What do endogenous sources of infections usually require to flourish in the body? | antecedent disease, traumatic injury, or compromised immune system |
| what is another name for an animal borne infection | zoonosis or zoonotic disease |
| arthropod borne diseases are also called | vector borne |
| What is a fomite? | any inanimate object that you come in contact with |
| pathogenisis by microbe means? | pathology and physiological dysfunction |
| what is pathology | damage done by organism |
| what is an unapperent or subclinical infection | overt or clinical disease |
| What does clinical disease mean | infection accompanied by onset of signs and symptoms |
| objective manifestations | signs |
| subjective manifestations | symptoms |
| combination of signs and symptoms associated with particular disease | syndrome |
| these are observable during a physical examination | signs |
| these are described by the patient during a physical examination | symptoms |
| the time between exposure to microbe and onset of signs and symptoms | incubation period |
| time between exposure and shedding microbe | latent period |
| time during which microbe is being shed | period of communicability |
| What is the typical course of an infection | prodrome, acute phase, defervescence, convalescence, resolution |
| In the typical course of an infection the stage in which there are vague or nonspecific symptoms is known as? | prodrome |
| In the typical course of an infection the stage in which there is a full clinical manifestation is known as | acute phase |
| In the typical course of an infection the stage in which the signs and symptoms are subsiding is known as | defervescense |
| In the typical course of an infection the period of recovery is known as | convalescence |
| In the typical course of an infection the period in which there is an absence of signs and symptoms with or without squealae is known as | resolution |
| What does the severity of an infection depend on? | numerous host and microbe factors |
| What are five modes of transmission of microbes | direct contact, airborne, foodborne, waterborne, arthropodborne |
| contamination of the skin and mucous membranes is what mode of transmission | direct contact |
| inhalation is what mode of transmission | airborne |
| ingestion is what mode of transmission | food or water borne |
| insect vector is what mode of transmission | arthropodborne |
| What is an example of direct contact transmission | STI |
| What is an example of Airborne transmission | influenza |
| What is an example of food or water borne transmission | salmonellosis |
| What is an example of arthropodborne transmission | lyme disease |
| what does communicable diseases mean? | Host to host transmission |
| A disease that is present at low but constant level in a population is known as | endemic |
| a disease that is increases in lever of disease about that usually found in population is known as | epidemic |
| a widespread disease in a region or world wide is known as | pandemic |
| What is the percentage of persons who contract a disease compared to those at risk (exposed) | attack rate |
| What is the percentage of those with disease who die from it | case fatality rate |
| what does CFR stand for | Case fatality rate |
| What is a noncommunicable disease | no host to host transmission |
| What are three examples of noncommunicable diseases | Caused by indigenous flora, acquired fro environment, ingestion of preformed microbe toxin |
| Defined as an infectious disease which regular and timely information on individual cases is considered for prevention and or control of the disease | notifiable infectious disease |
| How are notifiable infectious diseases reported | via the the publich health system to the CDC |
| If you wanted to get data on notifiable diseases where could you look | Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR) and its various supplements, or KY epidemiologic notes and reports |
| Time and nature of onset, symptoms, social history, occupation, travel and contacts are collectively known as | Patient history |
| Examination of body symptoms and signs are known as | patient physical exam |
| working, differential and definitive are stages in which process | diagnosis |
| Working diagnosis is known as | likely nature and etiology |
| Differential diagnosis is known as | tow or more possible etiologies |
| definitive diagnosis is known as | exact etiology known |
| What normally determines definitive diagnosis | laboratory results |
| what are two aspects of treatment | symptomatic and specific |
| what does symptomatic mean | supportive |
| What is does specific mean in relation to treatment | antimicrobial drug targeting the etiologic agent |
| What is microscopy used for in bacteriology | gram and acid fast stains |
| What is microscopy used for in mycology | KOH and LPCB wet mounts |
| What is LPCB used for in mycology | Idenification |
| What is microscopy used for in parasitology | iodine wet mounts and trichrome smears |
| What is microscopy used for in virology | cells for cpe |
| In general what is the purpose of microscopy in microbiology | confirm specimen submitted is representative, establish the probability of infection, presumptively id agent, augment cultural identification of agent |
| When was the gram stain developed | 1884 |
| What is the max magnification of a brightfield microscope | 1000x |
| what is the max resolution of a brightfield microscope | .2 micrometers |
| What is the magnification on the oculars of a bF microscope | 10x wide field |
| What are the magnifications of the objectives on a BF microscope | 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x |
| What is the 4x objective normally called | scanning objective |
| what is the 100x objective called | Oil immersion |
| What are two important adjustments when it comes to microscopy | interpupillary distant and dioptic adjustment |
| What is the differential stain for bacteria | gram stain |
| if a bacteria does not stain with aniline dyes what kind of bacteria are you working with | acid fast |
| what color do gram positive bacteria stain | purple |
| what color do gram negative bacteria stain | red/orange |
| what specimens is gram stains not applicable to | feces, throat swabs and whole blood |
| How do fungi normally stain | gram positive |
| What is the decolorizer used in gram staining | alcohol acetate mix |
| What does crystal violet stain | everything |
| what is the counter stain | safranin |
| what is the fixative in gram staining | methanol |
| What color will a neutrophil be | gram positive-purply |
| What is another name for the acid fast stain | kinyoun stain |
| who developed the acid fast stain | Robert koch |
| When was the acid fast stain developed | 1884-before the gram stain |
| what is the primary stain in the AFS | carbofuchsin red |
| What is the decolorizer in the AFS | 3% HCl in ethanol |
| What is the counter stain in AFS | methylene blue or brilliant green |
| microbes that don't decolorize with acid-alcohol and retain the primary stain are known as | acid fast |
| What is the AFS useful for in mycology | ascospores in molds and parasites (except cryptospoidium spp cyst form in stool) |
| What is normally diagnostic for parasites | wet mount microscopy |
| What are the two groups in fungi | moulds and yeast |
| What is the plural of genus | genera |
| what does the genus normally mean | descriptive term or latinized proper name |
| what is the plural of species | species |
| what does the species normally mean | descriptive term (epithet) |
| What do the descriptive terms normally describe in species name | characteristic, habitat or disease association |
| the genus name is always | capitalized |
| the species name is not used without the | genus name or initial |
| scientific names is always | italicized or underline even when it's genus alone |
| descendants of a single isolant are called | strain |
| distinctive biochemical or physiological (phenotypic) property | biovar |
| distinctive antigenic characteristics | serovar |
| osis and iasis normally be | condition or disease |
| common names are not | capitalized, italicized or underlined |
Created by:
jnwells03
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