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TCM Pathology Cao
TCM Pathology 1 Midterm for Dr Cao at Bastyr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the broad definition of Qi? | Qi is the fundamental substance constituting the Universe. All universal changes produced by the movement of Qi. |
| What is the broad definition of Qi in respect to human physiology? | Qi is the fundamental substance constituting the human body and maintaining the normal activities of the human body. |
| What are the three formations of Qi in the physiology. | Jing Qi (Congenital), Gu Qi (Acquired Nutrient), Qing Qi (Fresh) |
| What are the four classifications of Qi? | Yuan Qi, Primary QI, original Qi. Zong Qi, Pectoral or Gathering Qi. Ying Qi, Nutrient Qi. Wei Qi, Defensive QI. |
| What are the six functions of Qi? | Promoting, warming, defensive, checking, transformation, nurturing. |
| Describe Qi Movement: | Up, Down, In and Out. Liver is the "General" and maintains the free flow of Qi. |
| What are the two cycles of Qi movement? | "Great Heaven" circulation of the twelve meridians. "Mini Heaven" circulation of Du and Ren channels. |
| What are the three common balances of qi movement: | Liver and Lung, Spleen and Stomach Heart and Kidney |
| What is Xu? | Qi deficiency. |
| What is Shi? | Qi excess. |
| Describe the general pattern of "Qi Deficiency: | Insufficient qi for physiology. Hypo-function of Zang Fu and meridians. |
| describe BIG FIVE: | 1) Pale Complexion 2) Fatigue 3) Apathy 4) Dizziness 5) Spontaneous Sweating |
| Qi deficiency generally effects what Zang Fu? | Lung, Heart, Stomach Spleen, Kidney Bladder |
| What are the three stages of Qi deficiency? | Deficiency, Sinking, Collapse |
| What are the three stages of Qi excess? | Qi stagnation, Qi rebelling, QI Suffocation, |
| Qi Excess generally effects what Zang-Fu? | Lung Liver and Stomach |
| Describe Qi Deficiency of Lung: | No energy to cough Shortness of breath (Dyspnea) Clear thin phlegm Weak voice Aversion to wind Catch cold easily |
| Describe Qi Deficiency of Heart: | Palpitation, Shortness of breath Stifling in chest |
| Describe Qi Deficiency of Spleen Stomach: | Poor appetite Abdominal distension, Loose stool, Emaciation Dysfunction of Transportation and Transformation. |
| Describe Qi Deficiency of Bladder, Kidney | Frequent clear urination, Dribbling incontinence, Weakness in Knees and Lumbar region, Poor hearing. |
| What is Qi Sinking? | Qi flowing in downward direction. Weakness of holding ability. |
| Where does Qi sinking generally occur? | Middle Jiao. |
| What are the symptoms of Qi sinking? | Big Five Distension and sinking sensation in abdomen. Organ prolapse, anus, uterus, or kidney. Prolonged dirrhea, Urinary incontinence, Miscarriages, Infertility |
| What is Qi collapse? | Terminal stage of qi deficiency. Qi exhaustion and qi will escape the body. |
| What are the symptoms of Qi collapse? | Profuse cold sweating, (Wei qi is not strong enough to control fluids) Coolness of body, Ice cold hands and feet. Feeble breathing, listlessness Absence of thirst Incontinence Coma |
| What is the etiology of Qi deficiency? | 1) Weakness after long illness 2) Improper diet and poor nutrition, 3) Emotional stress and depression, 4) Physical exhaustion or too much work. 5) Old age 6) lack of physical exercise |
| What is the etiology of Qi sinking? | Same as Qi deficiency. 1) Weakness after long illness 2) Improper diet and poor nutrition, 3) Emotional stress and depression, 4) Physical exhaustion or too much work. 5) Old age 6) lack of physical exercise |
| What is the etiology of qi collapse? | Abrupt aggravation in acute or chronic diseases. Severe vomiting and diarrhea. Great loss of blood. Profuse sweating. Severe infection. Heart attack. Internal organ failure. |
| What is the treatment principle of Qi deficiency? | Tonify Qi, Strengthen spleen and stomach. |
| What is the treatment principle of Qi sinking? | Strengthen the middle Jiao to uplift qi. |
| What is the treatment principle of Qi collapse? | Restore qi to rescue collapse. |
| Describe the pattern of QI stagnation: | Qi along a channel or in Zang Fu is retarded and obstructed. Traveling pain or masses that appear and disappear. |
| Describe qi stagnation of the Lung: | Distension and fullness in chest. Cough and asthma. |
| Describe qi stagnation in the Liver: | Liver is most often place for qi stagnation. Symptons: Pain and distension of hypochondrium Breast distension. Mental depression, irritability, anxiety,anger, and mood swings. |
| Describe qi stagnation in the Stomach: | Pain and distension in epigastrium, Belching, borborgymus. |
| Describe the pattern of Qi rebelling: | Qi goes in upward direction abnormally and disturbs Zang Fu organs. |
| Describe Qi rebelling of Lungs: | Cough, Wheeze, Hemoptysis (coughing blood), (Primary disease: Asthma) |
| Describe Qi rebelling of Stomach: | Hiccups, belching, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, acid reflux. (Primary disease: acid reflux) |
| Describe Qi rebelling of Liver: | Headache, Dizziness, Vertigo, Syncope, Coma. (Primary disease: Hypertension) |
| Describe the pattern of Qi suffocation: | Terminal stage of stagnation and rebellion. Will cause dynamic qi failure of the whole body. |
| What ate the symptoms of Qi suffocation: | Loss of consciousness, tightly closed hands and feet, clenched jaws, rattling in throat. No sweat and dry skin. Retention of urine and constipation. |
| What is the etiology of Qi stagnation? | Mental depression, emotional stress, improper diet, and pathogen obstruction. |
| What is the etiology of Qi rebellion? | Same as qi stagnation. Mental depression, emotional stress, improper diet, and pathogen obstruction. |
| What is the etiology of qi suffocation? | An abrupt aggravation in acute or chronic diseases. Stroke, emotional shock, severe asthma, severe vomiting. |
| What are the treatment principles of Qi stagnation? | Regulate liver to circulate qi. |
| What are the treatment principles of Qi rebellion? | Regulating and descending qi. |
| What are the treatment principles of Qi suffocation? | Opening the orifices to rescue the spirit. |
| Define Blood deficiency: | Insufficient blood to nourish the Zang Fu function. |
| What is the Etiology of Blood deficiency? | congenital insufficiency, deficiency of spleen or stomach, acute or chronic hemorrhages, prolonged diseases, over thinking, blood stagnation, intestinal parasites, menstrual bleeding. |
| How does blood deficiency manifest? | Sallow and Pale x 6. Sallow complexion Pale without shining complexion Pale lips, Pale tongue, Pale fingernails, Pale conjunctivas, (skin under eye lids) |
| Tongue diagnosis of blood deficiency? | Pale tongue coating with white coating. |
| Pulse diagnosis of blood deficiency? | Thready and weakness |
| Mental symptoms of blood deficiency? | Insomnia, more dreams, poor memory, dizziness, often accompanied by heart palpation. |
| Eye symptoms of blood deficiency? | Blurring of vision, Bird vision, (Can not see at night) |
| Muscle and tendon symptoms of blood deficiency? | spasm of muscles and tendons, numbness of extremities, tremor of limbs |
| Menstrual symptoms of blood deficiency? | light colored menstrual flow, scanty, delayed menstrual cycle (oligomenorrhea) Absence of menstrual cycle (amenorrhea) |
| Hair symptoms of blood deficiency? | abnormal hair loss. |
| Treatment principle of blood deficiency? | Nourish blood and tonify qi. Reinforce ying qi to tonify blood. |
| Define Blood stagnation: | 1) Accumulation of blood in the local area due to hindrance of blood circulation 2) Extravasted blood which has not been dispersed or immediately dispelled from a fixed location in the body. |
| Describe the many causes of blood stagnation: | Sprains and contusions hemorrhage, retardation of qi circulation leading to retardation of blood circulation, deficiency of qi dausing a weakness in the normal movement of blood, invasion of the blood system by pathogenic cold or heat. |
| Pulse diagnosis of Blood stasis? | Thready and choppy pulse |
| Tongue diagnosis of blood stasis? | Dark purple tongue body or purpura on tongue. |
| In what three general ways does blood stasis manifest? | Pain, Bleeding and other general manifestation. |
| Describe the manifestation of pain in blood stagnation. | Pricking or cutting pain. Fixed pain which does not like pressure. Pain Aggravated at night. |
| Describe the manifestation of bleeding in blood stagnation: | Purplish color of local area, Mass in the area. Hemmorrage with dark purple, clotted blood. Tarry stools, Black (Far blood) |
| Describe the general manifestation of BLood stagnation in the body. | Dark complexion, Dry rough and lusterless skin. Purpura in the skin. Cyanosis in lips fingers and nails. Purplish varix on abdomen or legs. No menstration, (amenorrhea) |
| Define blood heat: | Pathogenic Heat in the blood. |
| Define Blood cold: | Pathogenic cold inside blood vessels. |
| What is the etiology of blood heat? | Pattern which results from endogenous heat in the blood system. Examples: obstruction of liver qi creating fire or invasion of the blood system by exogenous pathogenic heat. |
| What is the etiology of blood cold? | Pathogenic cold invades the body and accumulates in the local area creating qi and blood stasis. |
| What are the two types of blood heat? | Excess heat and deficiency heat. |
| What are the two types of cold? | 1)Local in physiology: hands, feet, nose, fingers and toes. 2) Local causing blood stagnation |
| In what two ways does excess blood heat manifest? | Blood and liver |
| Describe the clinical manifestations of blood heat in terms of blood. | Blood comming out of the body: Hemoptysis, coughing blood Hematemesis, vomit blood Hmeatochezia, stool blood Hematuria, urine blood epistaxis, nose bleed menorrhagia, abnormal menstrual blood Subcultaneous hemorrhage. |
| Describe the clinical manifestation of blood heat in terms of the liver. | Irritability, restlessness, delirium, manic, coma. |
| In what two ways does deficiency blood heat manifest? | Deficiency heat and wind symptoms of heat. |
| Describe the clinical manifestations of deficiency heat of blood: | Afternoon fever, feverish in five centers, night sweating, dry throat and mouth. |
| Describe the clinical manifestations of wind heat in blood: | tremors, convulsion, opisthotonos (severe muscular contractions), |
| Describe the clinical manifestations of local cold symptoms: | Pain in hands and feet which is relieved by warm. Painful purplish skin color. |
| Describe the clinical manifestations of blood stagnation due to cold: | Prefer heat to cold, lower abdominal pain, oligomenorrhea (infrequent light menstration), dark purple blood flow with clots, testicular contractions. |
| Describe the tongue of excess blood heat: | Deep red tongue with yellow coating or mirror tongue. |
| Describe the tongue of blood cold: | Dark pale tongue with white coating. |
| Describe the tongue of deficiency blood heat: | small dark red, no coating, mirror, geographical. |
| describe the pulse of blood heat: | Wiry and rapid. |
| Describe the pulse of blood cold: | Deep slow or choppy pulse |
| Describe the treatment principles of blood heat: | cool blood and clear heat |
| Describe the treatment principles of blood cold: | warming the meridians and eliminating the cold. |
Created by:
Bastyr40
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