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Infection, Ch 9
McCance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| filamentous bacteria | bacteria that resemble fungi. (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) |
| spirochetes | motile bacteria |
| true bacteria | divide by binary fission, cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla. Most diseases in this category. |
| mycoplasma | smallest and most simple member |
| rickettsia | intracellular parasite, bacteria |
| bacteria | prokaryotic unicellular microorganism, no nuclie, mitochondria, or membrane-bound organelle |
| chlamydia | intracellular bacteria, but more complex than rickettsia |
| Gram negative | does not retain crystal violet dye, LPS coating that produces endotoxin |
| pili | way bacteria adhese for colonization. thin-rod like projections from bateria surface |
| exotoxins | proteins released during bacterial growth; immunogenic-produce antitoxins. vaccine available for DTP |
| Endotoxins | LPS, lipopolysaccharides, gram neg bacteria-pyrogenic, released during lysis of bacteria, antibiotics can't prevent, cause of septic shock, DIC. |
| IgA protease | breaks down Fc receptor. bacterial protective mechanism by menigitis causing microbes-S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, N. meningitidis, N. gonhorrhoeae |
| Teichoic acid | found in gram positive cell wall that resists against complement-mediated lysis |
| Clostridia | anaaerobic, produce most powerful toxins known-bolutism, blocks ACh-causing flaccid paralysis; tetanus, gas gangrene, Clostridum difficile-diarrhea. |
| bacterial superantigens | toxins that increase adherence of MCH and t-cell receptors, overproduction of cytokines. TSS, scarlet fever, food poisoning |
| Beta lactamase | enzyme that destroys penicillin |
| Fungi | eukaryotic microorganism, thick rigid cell walls with capacity to form a variety of complex structures. |
| mycosis | fungal infection |
| dermatophyte | tinea, skin mycoses; ringerworm, etc. |
| Viral infection | simple microorganism, do not possess any of the metabolic organelles found in bacteria. intracellular parasites. RNA invade host and replicate |
| reverse transciptase | create double strand DNA, DNA provirus takes over cells DNA. |
| exogenous pyrogens | interleukins 1 & 6 (IL1, IL6). interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF. raise thermoregulatory set point.. (exogeneous pyrogens indirectly affect hypothalamus through endogenous pyrogens) |
| batericidal antibiotics | kill the organsim |
| bacteriostatic antibiotics | inhibit growth until the organism is destroyed by own immune system |
| AZT | azidothymidine, antiviral that suppresse reverse transcriptase. HIV can mutate & resistant |
| Dead bacterial vaccines | pneumococcal pneumonia-not very immunogenic in children; children receive conjugated vaccine that is more effective |
| conjugated bacterial vaccine |
Created by:
Sniffen group
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