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Immunity & Inflam.
McCance, Ch. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allergy | immune response to unharmful environmental antigen |
| autoimmunity | immune response to own body tissue, ex, Grave's disease |
| Alloimmunity | imcompatibility response to tissue of same species. transfusion rejection, ABO, fetal |
| Type I | IgE; allergic reaction, require antigen crosslink, mast cell degranulation cause histamine response |
| Type II | tissue (cell surface) specific reaction. IgM, IgG. Lysis, phagocytosis, ADCC, or cell malfunction. ex: ABO mismatch, Myasthenia Gravis |
| Type III | immune complex mediated, hypersensitive antibodies bind to antigens in diff. tissues of body. Ex: degenerative joint dx, arthritis |
| Type IV | cell-mediated,(T-lymphocyte), Tc cells or Th1 produce cytokines cause phagocytosis of tissue by lysosomal enzymes, ROS; ex: poison ivy, graft rejection, RA, TB test |
| antigen | non-self substances, "foreign" to our body; i.e. virus, bacteria, etc. environmental agents |
| hapten | small antigens that need carrier for immunologic response to be actived |
| antibody | immunoglobulin, produced in response to challenge immune system. IgG, IgM, IgE, IgD, IgA. |
| ADCC | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. subpopulation of cytotoxins that are not antigen specific. (NK-natural killers, attach to Fc receptors of the IgG) |
| C5-9 of complement cascade | complement mediated lysis,.damages cell membrene causing cell lysis (ex: eyrthrocyte damage during ABO mismatch, Type II) |
| cryoglobulins | precipitate of immune complexes in fingers, toes, nose below body temperature, from serum sickness called Raynaud phenomenon |
| Fc | receptor site on IgE |
| ELISA | test that detects IgE antibodies in the serum |
| contact dermatitis | Type IV allergic hypersensitivity, seen with poison ivy, metals, delayed reaction, found only at the site of contact |
| atopic dermatitis | immediated Type I hypersensitivity. widely distributed lesions; hives assoc with food allergy. |
| Arthus reaction | Type III. skin reaction after 1 hour exposure, peak at 6-12 hrs.skin test; SQ injection or intradermal inoculation of drug, fungal, antigen |
| HLA | human leukoctye antigen; match to prevent graft rejections |
| hemagglutinins | naturally occuring antibodies, IgM, assoc. with blood typing. |
| universal donor | Type O |
| universal recipient | Type AB |
| RhD protein | antigen which determines if Rh+ or Rh-. Rh+ have RhD protein. Rhd(Rh-) can make IgG anti-D antigens if exposed to Rh+ blood. |
| anti-D immunoglobulin | prevent sensitization against D antigen if given within few days of exposure to Rh+ blood |
| Th1 cells, Tc cells | Th1 release cytokins that activate infiltrating macrophages and Tc cells attach endothelial cells during acute rejection (Type IV) |
| hyperacute reaction | white graft, immediate and rare graft rejection, usually caused by preexisting antibodies from previous graft, bl trans. |
| acute antibody-mediated rejection | Type II reaction, antibody and complement reaction , about 2 wks. sensitization, complement, neutrophils, thrombi found in graft |
| chronic rejection | slow progressive failure of organ r/t inflammation to endothelial cells lining blood vessels |
| opsonin | C3b factor for neutrophils |
| chemotaxins | C3a, C5a for neutrophils |
Created by:
Sniffen group
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