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Basic Heme Final
RBCs, anemias, hemoglobin, WBC, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The red cell protein that is responsible for deformability and flexibility of the red cell is | spectrin |
| What is the preferable site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy? | iliac crest |
| How would you differentiate basophilic stippling from Pappenheimer bodies? | stain smear with Prussian blue |
| This RBC pathways is responsible for providing 90% of the cellular ATP for RBCs | Embden-Meyerof pathway |
| Glycosolated hemoglobin, or hemoglobin A1c, is found in abnormally increased levels in this condition. | diabetes mellitus |
| Terminally differentiated cells must go through ____________________ to maintain homeostasis. | apoptosis |
| What cytokines can increase the production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets? | EPO, CFU-GM, and TPO |
| These cells, involved in hematopoeisis, have the ability to self-renew | hematopietic stem cells |
| A patient experiencing neurological complications with a bone marrow aspirate containing erythroblastic hyperplasia and megaloblastic normoblasts would likely be suffering from ____________________________. | pernicious anemia |
| The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes are all part of the _________________________________. | primary lymphoid tissue |
| This anemia shows decreased marrow cellularity, cytopenias in two cellular elements, and a reticulocytopenia _________________________________________. | Aplastic anemia |
| How do you calculate an absolute cell count? | Percentage of cell type from differential X total cell count = absolute cell count |
| Fetal hemoglobin is made of which chains? | 2 alpha, 2 gamma |
| Hemoglobin A1 is made of which chains? | 2 alpha, 2 beta |
| Hemoglobin A2 is made of which chains? | 2 alpha, 2 delta |
| If a sample is not appropriately mixed before running it on the instrument, which type of error would this be? | Pre-analytical error |
| Auer rods are only found in this cell type. | Myeloblasts |
| Decreased levels of hemopexin and haptoglobin together with elevated bilirubin suggests this. | intravascular hemolysis |
| Microcytic anemias seen in patients with lethargy and pallor should have ________________ studies performed. | Iron |
| When the bone marrow is hypercellular with an M:E ratio of 1:5, what does this mean? | Erythroid hyperplasia is likely present |
| When the bone marrow is hypocellular with an M:E ratio of 1:2, what does this mean? | Myeloid hypoplasia is likely present |
| Which additional hemoglobin types migrate with hemoglobin S on cellulose acetate? | Hemoglobins D and G |
| Hemoglobin Bart's is made of which chains? | 4 gamma |
| Hemoglobin H is made of which chains? | 4 beta |
| Increased levels of 2,3 BPG cause the O2 dissociation curve to shift _______________. | left |
| Decreased levels of 2,3 BPG cause the O2 dissociation curve to shift _______________. | right |
| This is the most common RBC enzymopathy. | G6PD |
| The sugar-water test is used to help identify this condition. | PNH |
| If a Donath-Landsteiner test is positive along with a positive DAT (polyspecific, and anti-C3), which condition should be suspected? | PCH |
| The I antigen system is associated with t condition. | CAD (CAS) |
| When platelet satellitism occurs, what should the technologist do? | request redraw in sodium citrate tube |
| Corrected WBC counts are performed by: | Corrected WBC count = WBC count X (100 / 100+ NRBC count) |
| What is the rule of three in hemoglobin analysis? | approx HCT = HGB X 3 (+/- 3) |
| Smudge cells can be minimized by adding what to the sample prior to slide making? | albumin |
| Platelet aggregation requires this ion. | calcium |
| increased iron, transferrin, TIBC, and ferritin can be associated with which condition? | hereditary hemochromatosis |
| Heinz bodies are composed of | denatured hemoglobin |
| Cabot rings are composed of | mitotic spindles |
| Pappenheimer bodies are composed of | iron |
| Siderotic granules are composed of | iron |
| Howell Jolly bodies are composed of | DNA |
| Basophilic stippling is composed of ______________ and is highly associated with this condition. | RNA; lead poisoning |
| What is the normal range for platelets? | 150,000 - 440,000 x 10^9/L |
| Blood clots are broken down into which products that can be measured in the laboratory? | fibrin degredation products (fibrin split products), D-dimers |
| In automated hematologic instruments, the RBC cell volume and number are used to create the RBC ________________. | histogram |
| What is impedence in terms of automated hematology instruments? | principles where resistance is measured as cells pass through a flow cell and photo-detector to be measured/counted |
| The congenital version of pure red cell aplasia is called what? | Diamond-Blackfan Anemia |
| What is the very first step in the coagulation process after vascular injury? | vasoconstriction |
| In automated hemotology instrumentation, side scatter is used to determine what? | cell granularity |
| In automated hemotology instrumentation, forward scatter is used to determine what? | cell size / blood counts |
| An abnormally increased osmotic fragility is associated with this condition. | Hereditary spherocytosis |
| An abnormally elevated ESR is associated with which conditions? | inflammation, increased proteins/globulins, multiple myeloma, etc. |
| These cells are involved in resorption and remodeling of calcified bone | Osteoclasts |
| These cells form calcified bone | Osteoblasts |
| The slow circulation of the spleen helps with various splenic functions including | 1. Culling 2. Pitting 3. Immune Defense 4. Storage |
| The major RBC phospholipids include: | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) Phosphatidylserine (PS) Sphingomyeline (SM) |
| The RBC sodium/potassium pumps functions by: | Hydrolyzing 1 mole of ATP to remove 3Na+ and take up 2K+ |
| The RBC metabolic pathway which creates 5-10% of the RBC energy by producing NADPH is? | Hexose Monophosphate Shunt |
| This RBC metabolic pathway serves to maintain heme iron in the reduced (ferrous) state Fe++ | Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway |
| This RBC metabolic pathway is condered part of the glcolytic pathway. | Rapoport-Leubering Shunt |
| Under normal circumstances, what is the percentage of extravascular and intravascular hemolysis in destroying aged RBCs. | 90% takes place extravascularly 10% takes place intravascularly |
| This hemoglobin is in the relaxed state | Oxyhemoglobin |
| This hemoglobin is in the tense state | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| This abnormal hemoglobin has an affinity for CO is 200 times higher than for O2 | Carboxyhemoglobi |
| This form of hemoglobin has iron in the ferric (Fe+++) state | Methemoglobin |
| Basophilia is associated with: | inflammatory response, Immediate hypersensitivity reactions |
| Eosinophilia is associated with: | Allergic diseases, parasitic infections, toxic reactions, GI disease, RT diseases, neoplastic disorders |
| A fully activated terminal form of the B lymph is called a: | Plasma cell |
| The term "VCS" stands for this in Beckman-Coulter hematology automation. | V = Volume, C = Conductivity, S = Scatter |
| The acid elution test looks for: | Fetal hemoglobin |
| Macrocytosis is associated with: | imparied DNA synthesis, recticulocytosis, Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, other diseases |
| What is a RPI and what is its purpose? | Reticulocyte Production Index; The idea of the RPI is to assess whether the BM is producing an appropriate response to an anemic state |
| These anemias are associated with RPIs <1 | aplastic anemia, IDA, ACD, etc. |
| This is the second most common enzyme deficiency (after G6PD) | PK deficiency |
| A hypoproliferative condition involving mulitlineage hematopoietic precursor cells would lead to: | Pancytopenia |
| WAIHA accounts for which % of AIHA? | Accounts for ~ 70% of all cases |
| Cold AIHA is associated most commonly with which immunoglobulin class? | IgM |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon is most commonly associated with which anemia? | Cold AIHA |
| This is a multisystem disorder associated with RBC fragmentation, thrombocytopenia, acute nephropathy (which can include renal failure) | Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| This condition is associated with a deficiency in ADAMTS13 protease | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) |
| HELLP syndrome stands for: | Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count |
Created by:
LeahC
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