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MUS 173 - Final
Renaissance through 20th century music
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the Renaissance, what was considered the hub of culture in Europe? | Florence, Italy |
| What was invented during the Renaissance era that helped mass produce music? | Gutenberg Press |
| Who was the monk that wanted the church to reform and have some liturgical songs in the vernacular? | Martin Luther |
| What was the group that led the Counter-Reform for the church? | Council of Trent |
| What piece was written by Guillaume Dufay for the dedication of the Brunelleschi Dome? | Nuper Rosarum Flores |
| What era was know as the "Golden Age of Polyphony"? | Renaissance |
| A _________ is a religious piece that sometimes was based on a folk tune, bridging sacred and secular music. | Motet |
| Notes moving up during words to indicate ascending or using dissonance for "scary" moments is using what technique? | Word-Painting |
| What is through-composed? | New music for new text |
| What is imitative polyphony? | Imitation is only similar representation of the previous voice, not an exact copy |
| What is a procedure for improvising harmonization of the psalms reciation formulas? | Falsobordone |
| Through-composed, Vernacular language and secular text are examples of | Madrigal |
| Visual art of the Baroque period tended to be... | Dramatic with unrealistic distortion |
| The Baroque word for emotions is.. | Affections |
| What is considered one of the most important innovations of the Baroque era, formed by the Florentine Consort? | Monody |
| An abrupt change in dynamic level is called | Terraced dynamics |
| Terraced dynamics is a common technique used in which era? | Baroque |
| A short independent of introductory piece for the keyboard is know as a(n)... | Prelude |
| A fugue is defined as.. | Imitative polyphonic composition |
| A system of musical shorthand by which composers indicate intervals above the bass line with numbers rather than with notated pitches is knows as ... | Figured Bass |
| It was most common for a _________ to be played druing the Baroque era | Sonata |
| The Canzona had continued developments which were ... | Stile antico and Stile moderno |
| Stile antico is known as... | The first practice |
| When is Lauda Amina Mea Dominum preformed? | At Vespers |
| Which instrument most closely resembled the human voice? | Violin |
| Druing the Baroque era, developments in _________ music directly affected the development in __________ music. | Vocal; Instrumental |
| What instrument, similar to the range of the violin, did not have the capablility to play sharps and flats easily during the Baroque period? | Flute |
| Trills, Mordents and Affettis are examples of what in the Baroque era? | Embellishments |
| Who wrote the Well-Tempered Clavier? | Bach |
| Who came up with the idea to divide music into intervals? | Pythogoras |
| Amati, Stadivari and Guarnci are types of what? | Violins |
| What was considered the stand-out instrumental composition of the Baroque era? | The Sonata |
| What does Baroque mean in Portuguese? | Odd-shaped pearl |
| The church, court and city-state government were the main employers of music during which period? | Baroque |
| What stated that only one mood should be expressed in a piece or movement? | Doctrine of Affections |
| Which period did composers put homophony and polyphony on the same level? | Baroque |
| What was the purpose of the bass during the Baroque period? | Harmonic support to the melody |
| What era did tonality replace modality as the means of organized music? | Baroque |
| The Stile modero was coined by which composer? | Monteverdi |
| What opera was the first Grand Opera? | L'Orfeo |
| There were 2 types of singing used in L'Orfeo. One was recitative, what was the other? | Aria |
| Recitative style is .... | form that is flexible to match the text - fast talking |
| What form does Aria usually follow? | Da capo |
| Bel canto emphasized the beauty of the _______ over the libretto/drama | Voice |
| What is an oratorio? | Dramatic music set to a religious story |
| What is Handel's most famous oratorio? | The Messiah |
| What era did music finally become composed for the public? | Classical |
| The focus during the Enlightenment was on ... | All things natural |
| What era was the Doctrine of Affections thrown out the door? | Classical |
| During the Classical era, what phrase was known as the "questioning" phrase? | Antecedent |
| What texture was prefered in the Classical era? | Homophony |
| The Classical style is also referred to as the ... | Viennese Style |
| Dynamics during the Classical era were... | Longer and more expressive |
| _______ timber is to Baroque as ________ timber is to Classical. | Instrumental; Vocal |
| What is an example of a Rondo form? | ABACA |
| Who is know as the 'Father of the Symphony'? | Haydn |
| What is polytexual? | Multiple lines of text are sung at the same time |
| What is an example of polytexual music? | Little Organ Mass |
| Who is considered the 'Father of Romantisism'? | Rousseau |
| What is the german word for art song? | Lieder |
| Who composed the Unfinished Symphony? | Schubert |
| Some of Schubert's Lieders are based on texts from ... | Von Baumberg |
| An example of a programmatic symphony is ... | Symphonie Fantastique |
| What composer was 'born too late' and referred to himself as a Classisist in a Romantic era? | Brahms |
| What was Robert Shaw's signature performance piece? | A German Requiem |
| What was a common 20th Century technique? | Shifting rhythms and meters |
| What is the avodiance of a tonic note and of tonal relationships in music called? | Atonality |
| Till Eulenspiegels Merry Pranks, Also Sprach Zarathustra and Salome are all pieces composed by... | Strauss |
| Who is considered the first great impressionist composer? | Debussy |
| What style is The Rite of Spring in? | Primitive |
| Sprechstimme means... | Speech voice |
| Polymeter is... | Use of more than one meter at a time |
| A Glissando is performed in which piece? | Rhapsody in Blue |
| Which instrument performs the Glissando in Rhapsody in Blue? | Clarient |
| Whose techinique was the Twelve Tone Techinique? | Schoenberg |
| Inserting various objects of different materials between the strings of a piano is called... | Prepared piano |
| Who was the famous teacher to Copland? | Boulanger |
| The Renaissance saw the addition of what type of patron? | Nobility |
| What was considered the most important invention during the Renaissance? | Gutenberg Press |
| Whan Martin Luther created the chorale form, he wanted songs to be written in this language: | Vernacular |
| The movement Martin Luther led during the Renaissance was called the: | Protestant Reformation |
| Portrayal of natural light, Saints seemed human and Pyramid design were commone with which era's visual art? | Renassiance |
| Who was the architect of the most important dome in the Renaissance? | Brunelleschi |
| What piece was composed for the dedication of the cupola of this dome? | Nuper rosarum flores |
| Which piece was a popular secular song form during teh Renassiance? | Madrigal |
| Which Dunstable song is taken from the book of the Bible, Song of Songs/Song of Solomon? | Quam pulchra est |
| The sackbut was the Renaissance... | Trombone |
| Small, mixed-intrument ensembles during the Renaissance times were called... | Consorts |
| Dance sets, which were the basis for the Baroque dance suite, were in groups of ... | 2 or 3 |
| Pastoral scenes represent... | Natural scenes |
| What is music for one voice with simple accompaniment? | Mondoy |
| What type of music from the 15th and 16th centuries was an instrumental composition to be "sounded" on instruments rather than sung? | Sonata |
| What is a section of complete work that has its own formal design and degree of independence, but is conceived as part of a whole? | Movement |
| What is the system of harmony based on the major and minor scales? | Tonal |
| What term originally meant irregular, but applies to the dramatic, emotional style of the 17th and early 18th century art? | Baroque |
| What refers to the idea of constrasting the sonorities of different performing ensembles? | Concertato |
| What type of music was expected to be performed by all members of refined society? | Madrigal |
| Which type of music was a shorter, sacred song? | Motet |
| What is a collection of psalms called? | Psalter |
| What is the texture of psalms? | Monophonic |
| Who is considered by many musicologists to be the "greatest composer" as referenced in this class (lived most of adult life in Italy)? | Josquin |
| What is the name of the famous secular song that made its way into hundreds of Masses? | L'homme arme |
| Whis of these was not an instrument that was invented by the end of the Renaissance? Piano, Clavichord, Harpsichord, Sackbut | Piano |
| What is the term for when 2 voices move at different rates of speed? | Mensuation canon |
| Whose compositions used transparent texture as a reaction to the Council of Trent, and whose polyphonic music had choral effects that implied homophony? | Palestrina |
| Who wrote Nuper rosarum flores? | Dufay |
| Several Italian cities developed what type of musical style? | Individual |
| Which important church, where Giovanni Gabrieli composed, was in a the shape of a cross? | Church of St. Mark |
| What did the crossed-shaped Church of St. Mark lend itself to? | Polychoral music |
| Which Spaniard contemporaty of El Greco wrote the motet O vos omnes? | de Victoria |
| What was the precursor to the Baroque sonata? | The Canzona |
| What type of dynamics was used in the Baroque era? | Terraced |
| What is a multi-movement Baroque composition for one or more solo instruments, accompanied by continuo? | Sonata |
| Which was the first piece to specify which instrument was to play a specific line of music? | Sonata pian'e forte |
| The Florentine Consort pushed for what style? | Monody |
| Movement from the Renaissance to the Baroque began with which art form? | Visual art |
| While Baroque music moved toward homophonic texture that relied on chord structures, it was still harmonically: | Modal |
| The Italian term cori spezzati is translated to: | Split choirs |
| How many lines were on the staff in the example of Gabrieli's music? | 5 |
| What type of temperament may Bach have supported? | Equal |
| Baroque ornaments were also called... | Affetti |
| What was a Baroque imitative polyphonic composition? | Fugue |
| Sonata pian'e forte is a ... | Double-chorus motet |
| What is the Italian term to indicate the second practice? | Stile moderno |
| What refers to a group of instruments, including a lute or a keyboard instrument, and one or more sustaining bass instruments, which accompanied Baroque ensemble compositions? | Basso contino |
| Which statment is true about Baroque music? | Changes in vocal music directly affected instrumental music |
| What is a sonata for two solor instruments and continuo? | Trio sonata |
| What is an ensemble that has an instrument with a different timbre grouped with other instruments? | Broken consort |
| Lauda anima mea Dominum is from... | The Office for the Dead |
| Rhythm has become steady and predicatable by the end of the 16th century. As a result, adding these to modern editions does not seem instrusive... | Barlines |
| Madrigal use of the same melody for different verses was also known as | Strophic |
| Who wrote the Magnum opus musicum, a collection of motets? | di Lasso |
| What is a mulit-movement composition for orchestra plus a small group of solo instruments? | Concerto grosso |
| Which type of music was greater during the Baroque - vocal, dramatic or instrumental? | Vocal and instrumental were equal |
| What is a rhapsodic, virtuosic keyboard form? | Toccata |
| What is a collection of stylized dance pieces? | Suite |
| Which era had the smallest orchestra? | Baroque |
| The early flute did not have the capablilty to play... | Sharps and flats |
| Who painted The Last Judgment? | Michelangelo |
| What type of art form did the Florentine consort want to resurrect? | Greek |
| During the Baroque era, there were constant clashes between what two groups? | Protestant and Catholic |
| What is another name for the time between the Baroque and Classical era? | Rococo |
| Sturm und Drang is translated to: | Storm and Stress |
| The time leading up to the Classical era was known as the 'Age of ... | Enlightenment |
| Music during the Classical era was primarily composed for which audience? | Public |
| Which statement best describes the relationship between vocal and instrumental music during the Classical era? | Instrumental music was more important |
| The beginning, questioning, part of a balanced phrase is called the... | Antecedent |
| The last, answering, part of a balanced phrase is called the... | Consequent |
| What statement best describes the relationship of textures in the Classical era? | Homophony was predominant |
| What was the type of bass that Couperin used in his Le tic toc choc? | Alberti bass |
| What form is found in Couperin's Le tic toc choc? | Rondo |
| The bass that is used in Couperin's Le tic toc choc is ... | Arpeggiated |
| Which style is more emotional - Rococo, Viennese, Emfindsamer Stil, or Medieval? | Emfindsamer Stil |
| Which was not part of the patronage system in the Baroque era - Public, City-state governments, Courts or Church? | Public |
| Baroque music is marked by... | Contrast |
| What is the name for the text of an opera? | Libretto |
| What part of an opera is narrow, syllabic, and flexible? | Recitative |
| What was the term applied to the music of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven? | Viennese |
| The vocal term "bel canto" means... | Beautiful voice |
| What was the advantage of the castrati? | Lung capacity for projection |
| Which was NOT important to composers during the Classical era - entertainment, emotion, balance, control? | Emotion |
| Why was the Baroque Doctrine of Affections no longer used in the Classical era? | There were constrating sections in one movement |
| Crescendos during the Classical era were... | Long and expressive |
| What timbre became important for the first time during the Classical era? | Orchestral music |
| Which is NOT a section of sonata-allegro form - Recitative, Development, Recapituation, or Exposition? | Recitative |
| What is the "tail," or additional closing section of a piece? | Coda |
| Which is the extended virtuosic passage for a solo instrument, often improvised or composed by the performer? | Cadenza |
| What led Handel to write oratorios? | Public's loss of interest in stylized opera |
| Which vocal piece focused more on music, rather than text, and displayed a wide melodic range? | Aria |
| Which vocal piece focused more on text, and had a few chords to support the vocal line? | Dry recitative |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau was known as ... | The Father of Romanticism |
| The Gloria movement in Haydn's St. Joannis di Deo "Little Organ Mass" uses what incomprehensilbe technique? | Polytexutal writing |
| Which poet wrote the text to Franz Schubert's Der Morgenkuss? | Von Baumberg |
| Symphonie Fantastique is an example of what type of music? | Program |
| Which of the following is an example of the thematic transformation in Symphonie Fantastique? | Diminution |
| What type of concerted Masses is known for its used of wind instruments? | Harmoniesmesse |
| Which of Schubert's lieder was an "experimental hybrid opera-in-the-lied"? | Der Morgenkuss |
| Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 starts and ends in which tonalities? | C minor - C major |
| What composition was inspired by the pounding rhythms of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 8, "Pathetique"? | Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 |
| The lied Liebst du um Schoenheit was written by.. | Clara Schumann |
| "Feeling is all" is a quote by ... | Faust |
| Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique is known for its use of ... | Idee fixe |
| Who composed Eine Kleine Nachtmusik? | Mozart |
| Who composed Emperor Sring Quartet? | Haydn |
| Who composed Le tic toc choc? | Couperin |
| Who composed L'Ofero? | Monteverdi |
| Who composed Symphonie Fantastique? | Berlioz |
| Who composed Erlkonig? | Schubert |
| Who composed A German Requiem? | Brahms |
| Who composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun? | Debussy |
| Who composed Bolero? | Ravel |
| Who composed Rite of Spring? | Stravinsky |
| Who composed Rapsody in Blue? | Gershwin |
| Who composed Threnody for the Victims of Herioshima? | Penderecki |
| Who composed Helicopter String Quartet? | Stockhausen |
| Who composed the pieces Hoedown from Rodeo, Fanfare for the Common Man, Simple Gifts from Appalachian Spring and Billy the Kid? | Copland |
| Who composed The Perilous Night? | Cage |
| Who are composers of the 20th century? | Copland, Cage, Stravinsky, Penderecki |
| Name a composer who used polyphony in the 20th century? | Stravinsky (Rite of Spring) & Penderecki (Heroshima) |
| What compositions from both the Baroque and Classical eras were used for solo instruments? What which form went with each era. | Baroque - Sonata Classical - solo concerto |
| What is a mannheim crescendo? | A crescendo by adding more instruments. The increased volume by more insturments creates a physical crescendo. |
| Who wrote Sonata pian 'e forte? | Gabrieli |
| What was the first piece to specifiy which instrument played which part? | Gabrieli's Sonata Pian 'e forte |
| What was the oratorio developed? | The public was tired of overwrought, overly dramatic operas. |
| Name 2 oratorios. | The Messiah and Elijah |
| Who wrote The Messiah and Elijah? | Handel |
| Why was monody developed? | Polyphony was too confusing. People wanted to move back to the monophonic dramas of the Greek era. They wanted to understand the text and have it be more natural |
| What was different about Brahm's A German Requiem? | It was in the German vernacular, and was not just a translation of the traditional Latin Mass. The text was for celebrating life rather than the "day of wrath". |
| The Dies Irae part of a traditional Mass is regarding... | The Day of Wrath - regarding Judgement Day |
| Name a vocal composer from the Renaissance and something he wrote. | John Dowland - Come Again |
| What are the vocal forms of the Renaissance? | The 3 Ms - Motet, Mass and Madrigal |
| Which of the 3 Ms are sacred? Whic are secular? | Sacred - Motet and Mass; Secular - Madrigal |
| Which Renaissance mass used a secular tune and many versions existed? | L'homme arme |
| Which early Baroque composer was known for his keyboard works? Not Bach. | Couperin |
| What type of bass line was used in Le tic toc choc? | Alberti bass - which is arpeggiated (not block chords) |
| Why was figured bass used? | It allowed the performer to improvise other chord tones above the bass, within reason |
| What is the difference between an aria and recitative? | Aria focuses on melody, to showcase the techniques of the singer. Recitative focused on text which moved the story/libretto song |
| What are the 2 types of recitative? | Recitative - accompanied by orchestra; Dry recitative - accompanied by chords, sometimes only a keyboard instrument used (harpsichord) |
| Which composer was well known for his orchestration? Example- Till Eulenspiegel | Richard Strauss |
| What is the definition of post-romantic? | General term for several romantic styles that succeeded the dominance of German Romanticism and preceded the return of Classicism to the arts |
| What is symbolism? | Literary movement sharing the ideals of the Impressionists |
| What is Impressionism? | Style of painting and music that avoids explicit statement instead emphasizing suggestion and atmosphere |
| What is primitivism? | Style inspired by primitve works of art and by the relaxed life of unshophisticated cultures |
| What is expressionism? | highly emotional style in art that sought to express distrubed states of mind |
| What is atonality? | Avoidance of a tonic note and of tonal relationships in music. |
| What is octave displacement? | Melodic concept involving the selection of pitches from various, sometimes distant, octaves |
| What is polymeter? | Use of more than one meter at a time - hemiola |
| What is a glissando? | Expressive "slide" between pitches |
| What is polyrhythm? | two of more rhythmic patterns performed simultaneously. |
| What is the twelve-tone technique? | Arrangement of the 12 chromatic ptiches into a row that provides the melodic and harmonic basis for a music composition |
| What is polytonality? | 2 or more keys at the same time |
| What is concrete music? | Music consisting of recoreded and electronically altered sound |
| What is musicology? | The scientific study of music |
| What is ethnomusicology? | Study of music of specific cultures |
| What is neoclassicism? | 20th century version of classicism in music |
| What is modern dance? | contemporaty dance form, usually performed barefoot |
| What is augmentation? | Rhythmic variation in which note values are doubled. |
| What is neoromaticism? | 20th century version of a romatic approach to music |
| What is backbeat? | Heavy accent on the normally weak second and fouth beats in quadruple meter |
| What is legato? | smooth, unterrupted |
| What is minimalism? | Style of music based on many repetitions of simple meldoic and rhythm patterns |
| What is musical comedy? | musical show combining light entertainment with an integrated plot |
| What is ensemble finale? | Final scene of a musical show, or of an act within the show, in which several soloists simultaneously express in different words and music their individual points of view |
| What is concept musical? | Musical show presenting ideas subject to the audience's interpretation and leaving situations unresolved |
| What is a film score? | All of the music accompanying a film |
| What is source or diagetic music? | Music heard by characters in the film as well as by the film audience |
| What is functional or nondiagetic music? | music heard by the audience only |
| What is a classical hollywood film score? | Lush orchestral scores particulary associated with the films of the 30s, 40s and 50s |
| What is a theremin? | The earlies electronic musical instrument |
| What is a sound track? | All of the dialogue, sound effects and music of a film |
| What is a temp? | Temporary film score, composed of existing music, prepared to demonstrate to a film's composer the type of music desired. |
| What is a grand opera? | Mid 19th century french serious opera style, emphasizing spectacular visual effects. Important components of grand opera include ballets and stirring choruses |
| What is an opera comique? | In the 19th century, french works that were shorter, more modest, and more realistic than grand operas, but not necessarily humorous |
| What is verismo? | Realism in opera |
| What is music drama? | Wagner's concept of music theater, in which the drama and music were theoretically of equal interest |
| What is a leitmotif? | Recurring melodic fragment or chord bearing dramatic or emotional signaficance, introduced by Wagner in his music dramas |
| What is an operetta? | Sometimes called light opera. Gilbert and Sullivan's operettas were comic musical shows, poking fun at the conventions of serious opera and at virtually everything else |
| What is a patter song? | Setting of humorous, most multisyllabic words sung very rapidly, with comic effect |
| What a minstrel show? | variety show, popular in the mid and late 19th century that included songs, dances and comic repartee performed by white men who blackened their skin to resemble stereotypical african american figures |
| What is vaudeville? | variety show, popular in the late 19th century, including jokes, stunts, and skits as well as song and dance |
| What is the second new england school? | group of late 19th century new england composers who studied in germany and contributed to every genre of art music |
| What is a rubato? | A romantic technique of "robbing" from the tempo at some point and "paying back" at others |
| What is a character piece? | A relatively short piano piece in a characteristic style or mood including: impromptus, ballades, preludes, nocturnes |
| What is an impromptus? | Pieces of an improvisatory character |
| What is a ballades? | Narrative song without words |
| What is a prelude? | Short mood pieces of no presribed form - before main attraction |
| What is a nocturnes? | Pieces thought appropriate to the night |
| What is an etudes? | Studies or "exercises" based on specific pianistic techniques |
| What is a leider? | A german art song |
| What is an orchestral suite? | Several sections of varying character drawn from a larger work, such as a ballet |
| what is a program symphony? | Multimovement orchestal work whose form is based on programmatic concepts |
| What is an idee fixe? | The term Berlioz used for the melody representing the loved on in his Symphonie Fantastique |
| What is a thematic transformation? | Variation of thematic or melodic material for programmatic purposes. Sometimes called metamorphosis |
| What is Dies Irae? | Gregorian chant for the dead. The words are part of the requiem mass |
| What is diminution? | Rhythmic technique in which note values are halved, doubling the tempo |
| What is a symphonic poem or tone poem? | One-movement orchestral piece whose form is based on programmatic principles |
| What is a concert overture? | One-movement orchestral composition, often inspired by literature and dramatic in expression, yet generally subject to analysis according to Classical principles of form |
| What is a cyclic form? | Multimovement form unified by recurrence of the same or similar melodic material in two or more movements |
| What is nationalism? | Late 19th century artistic movement in which the consciousness of national characters led artists of many nationalities to turn from the dominance of German influence in the arts to reflect the cultureal characteristics of their own and other countries |
| Who were THE FIVE? | 19th century Russian composers associated with nationalism |
| What is a motive? | Brief melodic phrase, often with strong rhythmic interest, appropriated for extended development; often serves as a motto or recurring theme throughout a movement or a composition |
| What is an art song? | Setting of a well-know poet's work to music by a serious composer |
| What is a song cycle? | Set of songs by one composer, often with texts by the same poet. The songs by be related by subject, melodic material, or both |
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