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Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the nasal cavity provide? | warmth, moisture, filter, hair to catch particles. |
| What are the parts of the nasal cavity ? | Conchae and Meatus |
| What are sinuses | Air filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones |
| Functions of sinuses | Reduces skull weight, Resonance chambers for voice, Help humidify and heat air entering the body. |
| Pharynx | "Throat" |
| 3 parts of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharnynx, laryngopharynx |
| What are Eustachian tubes? | auditory tubes that connect the internal ear to the pharynx open into the nasopharynx. |
| What part is at the base of the tongue? | Lingual |
| Where is the palatine located? | oropharynx |
| Larynx | Voice box |
| What part is between the pharynx and trachea? | Larynx |
| Includes the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid carilage. | Larynx |
| Anterior to esophagus | Trachea "Windpipe" |
| C-shaped cartilage rings for protection, keeps it from collapsing | Tracea |
| Distal or inferior to trachea | Bronchi |
| Allows air into left and right lung | Bronchi |
| Secondary bronchi- | 3 on the right side, 2 on the left side |
| this is where gas exchange between the blood and the air begins | Respiratory |
| Where gas exchange occurs | Alveoli |
| How many layers of of epithelium does the Alveoli have? | 1 |
| Surrounded by Pleural membrane | Lungs |
| Visceral Pleural | Closest to the lung |
| Parietal Pleura | outer membrane |
| the space in between the two layers. Filled with pleural fluid | Pleural cavity |
| Due to sinuses in the cranial bones | Resonance |
| Blood becomes oxygenated in the _________ of the lungs | alveoli |
| Oxygenated blood travels back to the heart by the ________ vein. | pulmonary |
| Stimulated by phrenic nerve | Inspiration |
| Diaphragm moves down | Inhale |
| Forced inhalation uses accessory muscles | External Intercostals, Pectoralis major and minor, Sternocleidomastoid and Scalenes |
| Exhalation is mostly.... | passive |
| Accessory Muscles for forced exhalation abdominal muscles, internal intercostals. | Used during heavy breathing, exercise, coughing, straining, vomiting |
| Autoregulation | pH, Temp, Oxygen, CO2 |
| Voluntary control | Motor neurons innervate respiratory muscles |
| Involuntary control | by the respiratory center in the brainstem ( medulla and pons). Respond to levels of 02, C02 and H+ in the blood. |
| External respiration | Gas exchange between alveoli (external air) and blood vessels within the alveoli |
| Internal respiration | Gas exchange between blood and cells of body |
| RBCs carry 02 and CO2 | Hemoglobin binds oxygen and CO2 |
| Steps of Respiration | External ->internal -> cellular -> internal -> external |
| Spirometry | Measurement of air volumes |
| Tidal volume | Amount of air to enter and leave in one respiratory cycle (Normal respiration) |
| Inspiratory reserve volume | Amount of air in addition to resting tidal volume during forced maximum inspiration |
| Expiratory reserve volume | Amount of air, in addition to tidal volume, that can be expelled from lungs |
| Residual volume | Amount of air left in lungs even after forced exhalation |
| Vital capacity | Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume = x amount of air if take deepest breath possible |
| Inspiratory capacity | Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume = maximum volume a person can inhale following resting expiration |
| Functional residual capacity | Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = Volume of air remaining in lung after resting expiration |
| Total lung capacity | Vital capacity + residual volume |
| Functional residual capacity | Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = Volume of air remaining in lung after resting expiration |
| Total lung capacity | Vital capacity + residual volume = |
| pnea | breathing |
| Eupnea | normal breathing |
| Dyspnea | Difficult, labored, or painful breathing |
| Apnea | Cessation of breathing |
| Tachypnea | Rapid breathing |
| Non-respiratory air movements | Couch, sneeze, hiccup - they are spasms of the diaphram |
| Shiatsu | Neurovascular holding points |
| Neurovascular holding points | Shiatsu. Help relax and slow respiration. Anxiety, minor asthmatic reations, chronic respiratory disorders |
| Help facilitate better gas exchange | All three respirations |
Created by:
BAC
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