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Electrolytes
MLT Electrolytes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
electrolytes | compounds which dissociate in solution to form ions |
non-electrolytes | molecules that remain intact in body water e.g. glucose, BUN, creatinine |
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone | system which aids in regulation of blood volume |
renin | enzyme from kidney, converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I |
angiotensin II | 3 functions - vasoconstriction, acts on hypothalamus to initiate ADH secretion, acts on adrenals to secrete aldosterone |
aldosterone | adrenal hormone which acts on kidney to retain sodium (& water) and excrete potassium |
natriuretic peptides | ANP, BNP hormones which promote sodium (and water) excretion from the kidney |
osmolality | physical property of a solution based on the concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent |
colligative properties | describes the behavior of solutions that can change based solely on the concentration of particles present |
ADH-thirst sensation | regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamus stimulated by plasma osmolality |
bone minerals | calcium, phosphorus, magnesium |
lactate | by-product of anaerobic metabolism |
anion gap | estimation of the difference between the unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations |
ionized calcium | physiologically active form of calcium |
total calcium | total of all forms of calcium in plasma (protein-bound, anion-bound, free) |
sodium | major extracellular cation |
potassium | major intracellular cation |
chloride | major extracellular anion |
bicarbonate | extracellular anion |
ISE | ion selective electrode - measures the voltage (potential) differences between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode |
mmol/L | units for electrolyte measurements |