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A&P Ch. 28
Pregnancy, Growth, and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Period prior to birth, tissue, organ, and system development | Prenatal period |
| Period after birth, growth and some further development | Postnatal period |
| Where does fertilization typically occur? | high in the uterine tube |
| Begins with one zygote that splits completely | Identical twins |
| Begins with two zygotes | Fraternal twins |
| results from incomplete separation of twins | Conjoined twins |
| Donor sperm is "injected" into uterus | Intrauterine insemination |
| Sperm and egg combined in "test tube" | In vitro fertilization |
| Stages of prenatal development | Cleavage, Embryonic, fetal |
| Rapid mitosis, movement down uterine tube, occurs 30 hrs. to 2 weeks after conception | Cleavage stage |
| Solid ball in uterine lumen | Morula |
| Hollow ball of cells, pluripotent stem cells, embryo and trophoblast | Blastocyst |
| What enzymes allow for attachment to endometrium | Protyolytic enzymes |
| Trophoblast produces what? | hCG |
| What does hCG do? | Stimulates corpus luteum and development of placenta, Decreases immunity against blastocyst |
| Most critical stage of development, occurs from week 2-8 | Embryonic development |
| Forms from inner cell mass, amniotic cavity forms | Embryonic disk |
| Germ layer responsible for development of nervous system, skin, and special senses. | Ectoderm |
| Germ layer responsible for development of muscles, bones, blood and lymph vessels, and kidneys | Mesoderm |
| Germ layer responsible for development of the lining of the alimentary canal, urinary tract, and respiratory tract | Endoderm |
| Nutrient, gas and waste exchange occur here? | Placenta |
| Filled with amniotic fluid, surrounds umbilical cord. | Amnion |
| Produces hematopoietic stem cells | Yolk sac |
| Occurs from week 8 til birth, most changes are in size and proportion, skeleton develops, reproduction organs differentiate, brain development | Fetal development |
| Opening between right and left atria in fetus? | Foramen ovale |
| Connects pulmonary trunk and aortic arch in fetus | Ductus arteriosus |
| lead from iliac arteries to fetal placenta | Umbilical arteries |
| First 4 weeks of life, lungs inflate, foramen ovale closes, ductus arteriosus constricts | Neonatal period |
| 4 weeks - 1 year, rapid growth, teeth erupt, immunity increases | infancy |
| Development of voluntary muscle control, social/communication skills, bladder and bowel control | Childhood |
| Puberty occurs, reproductive maturity | Adolescence |
| stage from age 20-60 | Adulthood |
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Joshdole04
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