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ClinChem T3 Vocab
J Sarge ClinChem Test 3 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ARDS | Respiratory distress syndrome of the adult; acquired respiratory failure |
| Basal metabolic rate | Baseline rate of metabolism based on gender and weight (in kcal/24hr |
| Celiac sprue (glutin intolerance) | Malabsorption syndrome resulting from intolerance to dietary wheat proteins |
| Crohn's disease | Inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to intestinal obstruction |
| Cyanotic | Characterized by bluish appearance due to lack of tissue oxygenation |
| Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine that is adjacent to the pyloric region of the stomach |
| Diurnal variations | Changes in chemical levels during the day, especially when comparing two different times |
| Edematous | Puffed up due to visible accumulation of fluids |
| emphysema | Chronic pulmonary disease marked by abnormal increase in the airspaces and destructive changes in their walls |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that secrete externally through ducts |
| Fio2 | Amount of oxygen available to breath |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the gastric mucosa |
| Glucocorticoids | Adrenal cortical hormones primarily active in protecting against stress and affecting protein and carbohydrate metabolism |
| Homeostasis | The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body that is maintained by processes of feedback and regulation in response to external or internal changes |
| Hyperkalemia | Increased potassium in blood plasma |
| Hyponatremia | Decreased sodium in blood plasma |
| Hypophysis | Pituitary or master endocrine gland |
| Hypoxia | Decreased oxygen supply to tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue |
| Idiopathic | Without a recognizable cause |
| Intrinsic factor | Glycoprotein that is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa; necessary for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12 through the intestinal mucosa |
| Iontophorisis | Introduction of a drug through intact skin by the application of a direct electric current |
| Lumen | Space within a tube, such as a blood vessel or the esophagus |
| Micronutrient | Organic compound, such as a vitamin, or chemical element essential in minute amounts in the diet |
| Mineralocorticoids | Steroid molecules that influence blood electrolyte levels |
| Negative feedback | Stabilizing a process by reducing its rate or output when its effects are too great |
| Oxyhemaglobin (o2Hb) | The combined form of hemoglobin with oxygen; a measure of the ultilization of the potential oxygen transport capacity |
| p50 | The midway point of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, representing the oxygen tension (in mm Hg) when the hemoglobin molecules are 50% saturated with oxygen |
| Pernicious anemia | Autoimmune disease in which antibodies affect intrinsic factor and cause vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Phosphatidyl choline | Phospholipid lung surfactant; also known as lecithin |
| Pilocarpine | A muscarinic alkaloid drug that can induce sweating |
| Point-of-care testing (POCT) | Testing that does not require specimen preparation ond provides rapid results at or near the patient's location |
| Secretin | Hormone secreted by duodenal mucosa; stimulates sodium bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas and bile secretion by the liver |
| SO2 | Oxygen saturation; a measure of the utilization of the current oxygen transport capacity |
| Steatorrhea | Failure to digest or absorb fats in the gastrointestinal tract |
| Steroids | High molecular weight compounds with carbon atoms in a four-ring structure similar to cholesterol |
| Sweat test | Test for cystic fiborsis that involves involves measuring the subject's sweat for abnormally high sodium chlorine content |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Acute illness due to hyperthyroidism |
| Thyroxine (T4) | Main hormone synthesized in the thyroid gland, also known as 3,5,3`,5` -tetraiodothy-ronine |
| Transcutaneous | Through the skin, not invading invading the body through a puncture; percutaneous |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | More potent thyroid hormone, also known as 3,5,3` -triiodothyronine |
| Tropoins | Stimulating protein hormones |
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