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Lower Leg Muscles

Everything from the knee down-Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations

MuscleOriginInsertionActionInnervation
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Medial calcaneal tuberosity and central part of plantar fascia Middle phalanx of toes 2-5 Flexes lateral four toes, Supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches Medial Plantar Nerve (L5-S1)
Lumbricals Sides of FDL tendon Medial side of proximal phalanx and dorsal EDL tendon of toes 2-5 Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex metatarsal phalangeal joints Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1) and Lateral Plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Soleus Posterior head and proximal 1/3 of body of fibula and soleal line Achilles tendon onto posterior calcaneus Plantar flexes foot Tibial Nerve (S1-S2)
Gastrocnemius Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur; medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle Achilles tendon onto posterior calcaneus Plantar flexes foot, Flexes knee Tibial Nerve (S1-S2)
Tibialis Posterior Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper 2/3 of medial surface of fibula and interosseus membrane Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus), bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals and spring ligament Plantar flexes and inverts foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot Tibial Nerve (L5-S1)
Tibialis Anterior Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal Dorsiflexes and inverts foot Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Flexor Digitorum Longus Middle 3/5 of posterior surface of tibia Base of distal phalanges of lateral four toes Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes Tibial Nerve (L5-S1)
Flexor Hallucis Longus Lower two thirds of posterior fibula and interosseus membrane Base of distal phalanx of big toe Flexes distal phalanx of big toe Tibial Nerve (L5-S2)
Extensor Hallucis Longus Middle half of anterior shaft of fibula Base of distal phalanx of great toe Extends big toe and assists dorsiflexion Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of bod of fibula, interosseus membrane Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Extends toes and assists dorsiflexion Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Fibularis Tertius Distal 1/3 of anterior shaft of fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Dorsiflexes and everts foot Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Fibularis brevis Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Plantarflexes and everts foot Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Quadratus Plantae Lateral tuberosity of calcaneus, medial side of calcaneus Lateral border long flexor tendons Flexes toes 2-5 Lateral Plantar (S1-S2)
Plantar Interossei nferomedial shafts of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsals Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsalsMedial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes Adduct 3rd 4th and 5th toes, Assist lumbricals in extending interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints Lateral Plantar (S1-S2)
Adductor Hallucis Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals. Transverse head: plantar metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral sesamoid Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe Lateral Plantar
Dorsal Interossei Sides of the metatarsal bones Bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of medial side of 2nd toe and lateral sides of 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes Abduct 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes, Assist in extending IP joints while flexing MP joints Lateral Plantar (S1-S2)
Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral plantar calcaneus and plantar fascia Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th metatarsal Flexes and abducts 5th toe Lateral Plantar (S1-S2)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Base of 5th metatarsal Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe Flexes MP joint of little toe Lateral Plantar (S1-S2)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Cuboid, lateral cuneiform and tibialis posterior tendon Medial and Lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe Flexes MP joint of big toe Medial Plantar (L5-S1)
Abductor Hallucis Medial calcaneal tuberosity and plantar fascia Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of big toe Flexes and abducts big toe Medial Plantar (L5-S1)
Created by: LancerChic09s
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