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HRB chapters 4-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Group | Social unit with two or more interdependent, interactive people striving to attain common goals |
| What are elements of groups? | 1. Interaction 2. dependent 3. satisfaction |
| What includes satisfaction of a group? | Money, Social, achieve, physically, mentally |
| What are some realities about groups? | high proforming indivduals are not guarunteed to be high perfermors in groups,time various, and group consensus only works sometimes. |
| What is a formal group? | Group made by organization to accomplish specific tasks |
| What are 4 types of formal groups? | 1. Functional 2. Cross-functional 3. Project 4. Virtual |
| The length in the stages of group deveolpment vary from... | Expereince together, skill of members, and short/long term project |
| What are the four stages of group delevelopment? | 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. performing |
| what are some facts about the "forming" stage of group deveolpment? | Some groups never go beyond this stage, and objectives and roles are not understood. Then, they usally disband and nevr produce anything. |
| What are some steps you can use to get started on the "forming stage"? | be defense pr quiet, open up and establish common views and share insights, efforts to gain power and build influence. |
| What are the four stages of group delevelopment? | 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. performing |
| what are some facts about the "forming" stage of group deveolpment? | Some groups never go beyond this stage, and objectives and roles are not understood. Then, they usally disband and nevr produce anything. |
| What are some steps you can use to get started on the "forming stage"? | be defense pr quiet, open up and establish common views and share insights, efforts to gain power and build influence. |
| What are the four stages of group delevelopment? | 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. performing |
| what are some facts about the "forming" stage of group deveolpment? | Some groups never go beyond this stage, and objectives and roles are not understood. Then, they usally disband and nevr produce anything. |
| What are some steps you can use to get started on the "forming stage"? | be defense pr quiet, open up and establish common views and share insights, efforts to gain power and build influence. |
| What are some facts about the "storming" stage of group deveopment? | task may be more difficult then anticipated, productivity is lowering, may need team building, and may need coaching to get beyond frutration and doubt. Request/ want more leader direction. |
| What are some positive facts about the "Norming" stage of group deveolpment what there is a disire to accomplish goals? | Work as a team to get things down effect&effciently, Affiliation needs are satisfied, group members satisfied with task progress, "could not have done this alone" |
| What are some positive facts about the "performing" stage of group development? | leader can back off, but not out! everyone cares and is highly productive. |
| What are the charecteristics of groups? | 1. Roles 2. Standards/norms 3. Status 4. Cohesivness 5. Size |
| What are roles? | prescribed patterns of behavior |
| What are 3 types of roles? | Task roles"Job duties", building and maintence roles"morale", and individual roles"satisfy own needs". |
| What is it called when your not sure what to do or have unclear job duties? | Role ambiguity |
| Roll conflict | Two or more behaviors expected at the same time. |
| What must managers do to avoid role conflict? | Clearly define objectives, authority, and responsibility |
| What are standards? | Rules of conduct dictated by organization |
| What are norms? | Rules of conduct that emerge in a group |
| What muct managers be aware of? | Group norms, maintaining positive norms, confront groups with negitive norms so they dont end in "equity conflict" "its not fair" |
| What is status? | Relative ranking in a group |
| what is status incongruency? | when rank and treatment are not equal |
| what is status discrepancy? | When rank and behavior do not equal |
| What is cohesivness? | degree of attration to each other |
| What is size? | number in group |
| What is the reality of consenus? | it only works soemtimes. Alternative decision makeing should incluide majority rules, process of elimination, group variety |
| What is communication? | Exchange of commonly meaningful information |
| What is an opinion leader? | Speaks up first, strong social skills, high confidence, respected by others |
| What is a gatekeeper? | Screens controls info, gives other advice or notice, witholds information |
| What is a liaison? | Connects two groups, member of a corss-functinal team. |
| What is a isolate? | Has a token position, but not a valued member of group, does not value being a member ether. |
| What is a follower? | Goes with the flow, may be important as a tie breaker. |
| What is decision makeing? | Selecting an alternative course of action that will solve the problem |
| What are the four styles of decision makeing? | 1. Directive 2. Analytical 3. Conceptual 4. Behavioral |
| What are directive decision styles include? | Focus on facts, action oriented |
| What are analytical decisions styles include? | Evaluate more alternatives, take longer. |
| What do conceptual decisions styles include? | More options, future possibilities and idealistic or inclusive |
| What do behaviroal decisions include? | make everyone happy, avoid conflict, receptive to suggestion |
| What are 3 specific things groups tend to make better decisions in? | 1. Evaluating ambiguous situations 2. Generating ideas 3. Recalling information |
| What is problem solving? | taking corrective action so that group meets objectives |
| What is the risky shift Phenomemon? | individuals tend to make more risks in groups decisions have higher risk factor |
| what style of decision makeing to japanese organizations tend to use? | collective decision makeing, "higer risk" |
| what do organization need/want more risk to increase probability of higher returns they go to groups to do what? | 1. introduce new products 2. enter new market 3. adopt new distribution stratregy 4. solve/ customer/ community problems |
| What is group think? | Social conformity to group ideas, not critical thinking. |
| What are the 4 steps on the decision makeing process? | 1. preparation 2. incubation 3. illumination 4. verification |
| What is the incubation step? | thinking about alternatives/outcomes |
| What is behavoral control? | Controling rewards and punishments, if conform or dont conform to norms |
| What is a payoff? | Filled in or helped someone |
| What is dependency? | Subgroups of informal structure |
| What is the formation of the dependency circle? | nucleus, or highest ranking member, fringe, and the outer, or rejected ones |
| what is the grapevine? | Communication that does not follow the formal lines |
| What form of communication is the grapevine mostly? | oral, large funcation of physical closeness |
| What are 4 causes of the grapevine? | 1. lack of information 2. Insecurity in the situation 3. personal interest 4. recent information |
| How do you manage the grapevine? | 1. provide accurate timely info 2. listen for rumors, prepare for formal repsonse 3. identify key communicators and use them to leak information |
| What is the main benefit of the informal organization? | lightnes managers load |
| What is the main drawback of the informal organization? | Resistence to change |
| What is a rumor? | Unverified or untrue part of the grapvine or interest x ambiguity |
| How are rumors mangnaified? | Selective filtering and elaboration |
| How do you deal with the informal organization? | recognize its inevitability, influence is direction, and stay abreast of changes |
| WHat is the evolution of technology? | Applied sceience in industrial and mechanical arts |
| What were the 5 stages of the evolution of technolgy? | 1. Handicraft, least specialzed 2. mechanization task/job specialiazation 3. Mechanistic 4. automation 5. cybernated or machines controlling machines. |
| What has applied knowledge done for us? | Created higher standards of living |
| What is the Post industrial society? | 2% of americansx produce a surplus of food and machines manufacture consumer and industrial goods and services. |
| What is the most important factor in our post industrial soceity? | It is a service oriented workforce or machines doing work humans use to do and created new industries |
| What is the greatest difficulty in human relations concerns? | The ability to change |
| Organization vs. individual culture? | When new technology is used, individuals need opportunities to adjust to new cultures |
| What is the most difficult person to change? | The tough guy |
| What kind of person is a work hard, play hard? | Friendly, super sales types, work well in groups |
| What kind of people are bet your company? | Can stand long term confusion, check and re check there decisions |
| What is one aspect of alienation? | Meaningless, perform such a such value, dont see the point |
| What is the part of alienation of estrangment? | staranger to self, no fun or challenge, just trying to make money |
| what is the equation for productivity? | Output/ input |
| What is the study of ergonomics? | study of makeing workplace more comfortable |
| What are the two most important qualities of increasing productivity? | Increasing value and trust with co-workers |
| What is a famous wquot from the TQM startegie? | "Do it right the first time, because prevention easier then treatment" |
| What are vertical bar graphs used for? | identify reasons for propblems |
| what is the emphasis on the ongoing process? | as problem solved, new problems attacked, resolved |
| What are advantages of a alternative work week? | increase employee leasure time and satisfaction |
| What are advantages of flextime? | more control over week, less communiting time, less stress |
| What is empowerment? | process of giv ing workers more automny and hold them accoutable. team approach and customer staisfaction |
| What is intrapreneuring? | in-house entreprenuer |
| what is left brain thinking? | rational, logical, detailed, and analytical |
| What is right brain thinking? | Emotional, spontaneous, holistic, visual |
| What is incubation? | Think about alternative outcomes |
| What is a socigram? | Schematic drawing showing relationships |
| What is authority? | Right to command, given by supervisor |
| what is power? | ABility to influence, move, persuade, given by members of group |
| What do men tend to be more like? | bolder, viewed as forcefull |
| What do women tend to be more like? | Conservative and selective, may be pushy |
| the word | DESCRIPTION |
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