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A&P Ch. 22
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the "ingrediants" for ATP? | Glucose + O2 |
| Gas diffusion between lungs & blood? | External respiration |
| Gas diffusion between blood & tissues? | Internal respiration |
| Entry & absorbtion of Oxygen is required for ____________ respiration | Aerobic |
| Waste product of aerobic respiration | Carbon Dioxide (CO2) |
| Components of upper repiratory tract: | Nose/nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx |
| Components of lower respiratory tract: | Trachea, Lungs, respiratory tree, alveoli |
| These cells produce Mucous | Goblet cells |
| ________________ Movement clears mucous to pharynx. | Ciliary movement |
| This chemical stops ciliary movement | Nicotine |
| Warms, filters, and moistens air | Nasal cavity |
| Channels air into respiratory pathway | Pharynx |
| What 3 parts make up the larynx? | Glottis (opening), epiglottis(flap that covers glottis), and vocal cords |
| Name the parts that dictate airflow in order from beginning to end: | Nose/nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, lungs, Bronchioles, alveoli |
| What is the purpose of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract? | Controls bronchoconstriction and dilation |
| Relatively hollow, and contains millions of alveoli | Lungs |
| This holds the lung tissue against the cavity wall. | Pleural membrane |
| Penetration of the pleural cavity through injury that causes the lung to collapse | Pneumothorax |
| T/F: Atmospheric pressure equals internal lung pressure at rest | True |
| Skeletal muscle contraction, lung volume increases, lung pressure falls below atmospheric pressure, air enters respiratory tract. | Inspiration |
| Muscle relaxation, lung tissue recoils to decrease lung volume, lung pressure increases above atmospheric pressure. | Expiration |
| Air moves from ________ to ________ pressure | High to low |
| Amount of air that enters and leaves in one cycle. | Tidal volume |
| What is Inspiratory reserve volume? | Extra air during forced inspiration |
| What is expiratory reserve volume? | Amount of air that is exhaled during forced expiration |
| Air remaining after forced expiration | Residual volume |
| Forcing air against a closed glottis | Cough |
| Similar physiology to cough | Sneeze |
| Diaphragm spasm with closed glottis | Hiccup |
| Appears to be a social signal | Yawn |
| Central chemoreceptors are located here | Medulla oblongata |
| Increased ________ yields increased ________ | CO2, H+ |
| Located in carotid and aortic bodies | Peripheral chemoreceptors |
| Controls the rate of respiration based on input from chemoreceptors | Medulla |
| controls respiratory rhythm | Pons |
| Determined by length and tension of vocal cords | Pitch |
| Depends upon force of air over vocal cords | Loudness |
| Sound is shaped into language by the action of the ________, ________, ________, and ________ | Pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips |
| What 2 layers make up the alveolar structure? | Alveolus lining & capillary epithelium |
| Each hemoglobin contains how many globin molecules? | 4 |
| Each globin molecule contains a _______ group with what kind of core? | Heme group; Iron core |
| Each heme group can reversibly bind how many O2 molecules? | One |
| Hemoglobin that is full of oxygen | Oxyhemoglobin |
| Hemoglobin that is not fully loaded | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| Hemoglobin with attached CO2 | Carbaminohemoglobin |
| What is carbon monoxide poisoning? | When CO attaches to O2 binding sites, CO binds 200x more tightly than oxygen and is not easily released. This results in a lack of O2. |
| Name 3 URT infections | Rhinitis (Cold), Sinusitis (Sinus infection), Pharyngitis (Soar throat) |
| Name 3 LRT infections | Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Influenza |
| Chronic bacterial infection often associated with tobacco use that causes tissue necrosis | Emphysema |
| Typically leads to narrowing of airways and loss of lung elasticity | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
Created by:
Joshdole04
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