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A&P Ch. 21
Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species is immune to certain pathogens | Genetic immunity |
| Functions against a wide variety of pathogens | Innate immunity |
| Functions against specific pathogens | Adaptive immunity |
| What are forgein entities? | Antigens, Allergens, Tissue transplants, Prosthetic implants |
| Born with this immunity, part of bodies normal make-up, Functions immediately against invading pathogens | Innate Immunity |
| Charecteristics of the skin as a first line of defense? | Dry & Acidic, Continous barrier, Secretions are antimicrobial, has a resident (normal) microflora |
| What are charecteristics of mucous membranes as a first line of defense? | Sticky surface coating traps pathogens, Continous barrier, Action of cilia, Resident microflora |
| What is the function of Cytokines? | Releases interferons which activate the immune response to an antigen. |
| Amplifies inflammation, attracts phagocytes, increases phagocyte binding to pathogens, Causes pathogen lysis. | Complement |
| Destruction of a cell by disrupting the cell membrane. | Lysis |
| Engulf & destroy pathogens & cellular debris | Phagocytes (Neutrophils, Macrophages) |
| Attack virally infected & abnormal host cells, Perforin protiens form pores in cell membrane. | NK cells |
| This causes swelling, redness, and pain, and increases bloodflow to an area as well as stimulates tissue repair. | Inflammation |
| Forgein molecules & structures which trigger a "non-self" immune response? | Antigens |
| An antigen is identified specifically by what? | T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and Antibodies |
| This immunity can be naturally or artificially aquired. | Adaptive immunity |
| This response is slow and relatively weak? | Primary response |
| Faster and more intense with each exposure. | Secondary response |
| Produce antibodies | B lymphocytes |
| What do T lymphocytes do? | Direct actions of other immune cells, engage abnormal or infected host cells. |
| Process antigen and present to T & B cells | Antigen-presenting cells |
| Develop in bone marrow, produce antigens against specific antigens, when mature most found in spleen & lymph nodes, memory develops after first exposure | B lymphocytes |
| Most abundant antibody | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) |
| On surface of B cells | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) |
| Found in mucous membranes | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) |
| Defends against worms and allergies | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) |
| Increases phagocytosis, Neutralizes pathogens, Acivates complement | Antibodies |
| Develop in Thymus, when mature most are found in spleen & lymph nodes, Control immune activity via cytokines, directly attack abnormal or infected host cells | T lymphocytes |
| Auto-immunity | Immune activity against self, Body produces auto-antibodiesand sensitized T cells that destroy its own tissues |
| These groups are considered immunocompromised | Newborns, Elderly, PTs on chemo or radiation treatments, lymphomas, AIDS, genetic disorders |
Created by:
Joshdole04
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