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Earthquakes

Earthquake notes

QuestionAnswer
What geological events caused by sudden energy releases in tectonic plates make the ground shake? Earthquakes
What point on the Earth's surface lies directly above an earthquake's underground focus or hypocenter? Epicenter
What theory explains how tectonic strain builds up in rock until it snaps and releases seismic energy? Elastic rebound theory
What fast-moving compressional seismic waves travel through both solid rock and liquids? P-waves (Primary waves)
What transverse seismic waves travel only through solids, creating a global shadow zone that proved the outer core is liquid? S-waves (Secondary waves)
Which ancient Chinese inventor created the first dragon-and-ball seismoscope in 132 AD? Zhang Heng
What logarithmic magnitude scale co-developed by Beno Gutenberg measures an earthquake's S-wave amplitude? Richter scale
What modern magnitude scale based on total energy released and fault area has largely replaced the Richter scale? Moment magnitude scale
What location-dependent intensity scale uses Roman numerals (I to XII) to rate earthquake shaking and damage? Mercalli scale
What planar zones of deep-focus earthquakes trace subducting tectonic plates in subduction zones? Wadati-Benioff zones
What famous California fault line is a classic example of a strike-slip fault boundary? San Andreas Fault
What phenomenon occurs when intense earthquake shaking causes water-saturated soil to lose strength and behave like a liquid? Soil liquefaction
What 2D circular diagram used by seismologists to represent fault orientation is nicknamed a "beach ball"? Focal mechanism
What system of 754 geographic divisions is used by seismologists to categorize earthquake locations worldwide? Flinn-Engdahl regions
What 1960 earthquake in Chile was the strongest ever recorded, reaching a magnitude of 9.5? Valdivia earthquake (Great Chilean earthquake)
Created by: kromeo
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