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Unit 4 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement, storage, manufacturing |
| Scapulas are classified as what | flat bones |
| femurs are classified as what | long bones |
| Vertebrates are classified as what | irregular bones |
| Wrist bones are classified as what | short bones |
| Patellas bones (knee caps) are classified as what | sesamoid bones |
| Where is yellow and red marrow found | medullary cavity |
| What marrow is found in young people | red marrow |
| What marrow is found in old people | yellow marrow |
| What is the function of the epiphyses | connects to the joint, supports muscle attachments, and helps protect underlying bone marrow through a layer of spongy bone |
| Difference between spongy and compact bone | spongy bone contains large spaces and beams called trabeculae while compact bone is made of column shaped osteons |
| Matures bone cells, makes up majority of bone structure | What are the functions of osteocytes |
| What connects all bones and bone cells | canaliculi |
| Where is red marrow found in spongy bone | between the trabeculae |
| The process of incorporating calcium & minerals into cartilage to become bone | ossification |
| What is hydroxyapatites and what do they provide | crystalline salts that provides the bone strength and hardness |
| deposits extra calcium from blood into bone, from the thyroid gland | calcitonin hormone |
| stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone, adding calcium to blood | PTH hormone |
| Blood enters the wound, Cells begin to die, Phagocytes ingest dead bone cells and debris | hematoma |
| What is the purpose of the curves in the spine | better balance and distribution of weight in the body |
| Central axis of the body, Skull, ribs, sternum and vertebrae (80 bones) | axial skeleton |
| Pectoral & pelvic girdles, Bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders (126 bones) | appendicular skeleton |
| Joints that are Immovable or slightly movable, Held together by fibrous connective tissue | Fibrous joints |
| Joints that are Immovable or slightly movable, Held together by cartilage | Cartilaginous Joints |
| Joints that are Highly movable, Contain synovial fluid for frictionless movement | synovial joints |
| Where would a pivot joint be found | neck |
| Where would a hinge joint be found | elbow |
| Where would a ball and socket joint be found | hip |
| Where would a saddle joint be found | base of the thumb |
| Where would a condylar joint be found | wrist |
| Where would a gliding or plane joint be found | between the tarsal bones of the ankle |
| The ends of the epiphyses are covered with an external layer of cartilage | articular cartilage |
| This provides smooth movement of joints and cushion from shock | articular cartilage |
| Provides frictionless movement in joints | synovial fluid |
| Spinal deformity that is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine | scoliosis |
| Spinal deformity that is an abnormal posterior curvature, “hunchback.” | kyphosis |
| Spinal deformity that is an abnormal anterior curvature, “swayback.” | lordosis |
| This disease causes new bone to be generated at a faster than normal rate, recycles 18% of bone each year, and produces softer and weaker bones | Paget disease |
| most common, chronic & progressive degenerative joint arthritis, typically affects the elderly, 85% of people in US, Affects the articular cartilage, cartilage soften, frays, and breaks down | osteoarthritis |
| chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease typically affects individuals 40 to 50 years of age, but can occur at any age, 3x more women than men | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Name the 3 regions of the long bone from superior to inferior | Epithisis, metaphysis, diaphisis, metaphisis, and epithisis |
| What is the superior part of the vertebrae | cervical vertebrae |
| What is the middle part of the vertebrae | thoracic vertebrae |
| What is the inferior part of the vertebrae | lumbar vertebrae |
| How many bones does the cervical vertebrae have | 7 |
| How many bones does the thoracic vertebrae have | 12 |
| How many bones does the lumbar vertebrae have | 5 |
Created by:
katiekat1334
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