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Charlemagne

Charlemagne Notes

QuestionAnswer
Charlemagne King of the Franks who was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800 AD.
Coronation of Charlemagne Event planned at Paderborn in 800 AD where Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne at St. Peter's Basilica, justified by translatio imperii and the reign of Irene of Athens.
Desiderius Lombard king defeated by Charlemagne at the Siege of Pavia in 774; Charlemagne subsequently assumed the Iron Crown of Lombardy.
Pepin Third son of Charlemagne who was entrusted with the crown of the Lombards after Desiderius was dethroned.
Spanish March Buffer zone created by Charlemagne between the Ebro River and the Pyrenees to guard against Umayyad expansion in Spain.
Battle of Roncevaux Pass Ambush of Charlemagne's rearguard by Basque forces following the destruction of Pamplona; resulted in the death of Roland.
The Song of Roland Famous epic poem depicting the heroic death of Charlemagne's general at Roncevaux Pass.
Widukind Saxon leader who led a bloody pagan resistance against Charlemagne until his defeat and baptism.
Irminsul Sacred pagan oak tree destroyed by Charlemagne during his campaign to convert the Saxons.
Massacre at Verden Event in 782 where Charlemagne ordered the beheading of 4,500 Saxon prisoners following Widukind's revolt.
Lex Frisionum Law code codified under Charlemagne for the conquered Frisians.
Ring of the Avars Nomadic stronghold in the Pannonian plains captured and destroyed by Charlemagne's army.
Treaty of Heiligen Border agreement signed between Charlemagne and King Hemming of Denmark establishing the Eider River as the boundary.
Einhard Charlemagne's biographer who wrote Vita Karoli Magni and apocryphally eloped with Charlemagne's daughter Emma[cite: 1].
Alcuin of York English scholar who headed Charlemagne's court school at Aachen, authored Problems to Sharpen Youths, and developed Carolingian minuscule.
Carolingian Minuscule Lowercase calligraphic script developed by Alcuin of York at Aachen to standardize text during the Carolingian Renaissance.
De Litteris Colendis Letter written by Charlemagne to Abbot Baugulf of Fulda promoting literacy among clergy and monastic schools.
Paul the Deacon Scholar at Aachen who authored the Historia Langobardorum (History of the Lombards).
Theodulf of Orléans Bishop who wrote the Libri Carolini refuting Byzantine iconoclasm for Charlemagne.
Missi Dominici Pairs of royal inspectors (usually one cleric and one noble) used by Charlemagne to inspect provinces and enforce laws.
Capitulary for the Jews Decree issued by Charlemagne prohibiting Jewish subjects from engaging in money-lending/usury.
Capitulare de Villis Royal directive issued by Charlemagne governing the administration of his imperial estates.
Palatine Chapel Central building of Aachen Cathedral designed by Odo of Metz, featuring westworks and bronze Wolf's Doors.
Abdul-Abbas White Asian elephant gifted to Charlemagne by Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid.
Henri Pirenne Belgian historian who authored Mohammed and Charlemagne, proposing the 'Pirenne Thesis' that Islam's rise enabled the Carolingians.
Pax Nicephori Peace treaty where Byzantine Emperor Michael I Rangabe recognized Charlemagne's imperial title in exchange for Dalmatia.
Louis the Pious Son and successor of Charlemagne under whom the Carolingian Renaissance continued.
Treaty of Verdun 843 treaty in which Charlemagne's grandsons (Lothair I, Louis the German, Charles the Bald) divided the Carolingian Empire.
Charles's Wain Archaic English term for the Big Dipper constellation named in honor of Charlemagne.
Pseudo-Turpin Chronicle Forged legendary account of Charlemagne's military exploits in Spain, including a battle against the giant Ferracutus.
Created by: kromeo
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