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QUIZ 2 MLT 212
MLT 212: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe Prealbumin, its reference range, purpose, and diagnostic indicator | transport protein that transports thyroid hormones and retinol; marker for protein malnutrition and a reference range of 0.150-0.350g/dL |
| Albumin...what is it? | transport protein that transports ligands and maintains osmotic pressure in plasma; reference range of 3.5-5.3g/dL hyper=dehydration hypo=increased catabolism due to inflammation, liver or renal dysfunction |
| What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? | a condition caused by a lack of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (PAH), causing a build-up of Phenylpyruvate that results in irreversible brain damage (ie. intellectual disabilities, seizures, tremors, behavioral/emotional dysregulation, etc.) |
| This aminoacidopathy caused by dysfunctional Tyrosine Transaminase will result in liver damage because of... | Tyrosine build-up (Tyrosinemia) |
| Describe Alkaptonuria | a Homogentisic Acid disorder where the homogentisic acid builds up, oxidizes to form alkapton, and the alkapton builds up. the alkapton build up causes cartilage damage (osteoarthritis), heart valve damage, and kidney damage via kidney stone formationa |
| What causes Maple Syrup Urine disease, and what affects can it have long-term? | lack of/deficiency in BCKHDA enzyme on Chromosome 19; CNS issues and mental complications |
| Describe Homocystinuria | impaired enzyme or nutritional deficiency causes homocysteine build-up. results in more inflammation, damaged arteries and immune system, and faster cellular turnover rate |
| What element within the protein molecule differentiates them from carbs and fats? | nitrogen |
| Describe the relation between proteins and an isoelectric charge (pl) | proteins carry net charge. pH level>pl=negative charge, while pH level<pl=positive charge |
| Describe protein synthesis | it occurs in the liver and involves unfolding DNA to reveal mRNA. triggered amino acids attach to Transfer RNA to bind to mRNA, forming the protein |
| Describe protein catabolism | enzymes break protein back down into amino acids that get further deaminated into ammonia and ketoacid components. ammonia gets excreted in urine, while ketoacids become glucose/fat converts post-citric acid cycle |
| What is the relationship between protein synthesis and protein catabolism | both actions are equal within the body, with around 120-220g of protein being built and broken down |
| Which transport protein in plasma would be an indicator of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), if a patient has a result less than 0.150g/dL? What is the normal range? | prealbumin; 0.150-0.350g/dL |
| What is the purpose of albumin, what is its range, and what organs are affected by increased protein catabolism or decreased protein synthesis | transports ligand and maintains osmotic pressure in plasma; 3.5-5.3g/dL, kidneys (protein gets heavily excreted in urine) and liver (damage to liver lessens protein synthesis |
Created by:
innazukaa
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