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EXAM 1: LECTURES 1-5
MLT 216: IMMUNOLOGY/IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The (blank) is where the antigen can bind to an antibody | epitope |
| The (blank) is where the antibody can bind to an antigen | FAB site (Fragment antibody binding) |
| Why would degree of foreignness affect immunological response? | the more distinguishable the antigen is from "self", the higher the immune response's intensity is |
| Which type of antigen has the highest immunogenicity? Why? | Proteins; they are large, complex, and have many epitope sites |
| If there are more (blank) present, they are most likely to alert the immune system. This is referred to as Dosage/Density | antigens |
| What are the main factors that influence the immunogenicity of antigens? | chemical composition (protein/carb/lipid), size, degree of foreignness in relation to host cells, dosage/density, route of entry |
| Define antibody/immunoglobulin | a glycoprotein that are produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen |
| What region of the antibody binds to host tissue | heavy chain/Fc region |
| True or False: Antibody isotype is determined by its heavy chains | true |
| Which immunoglobulin type acts as a first responder to new antigens, triggering the activation of the classical complement pathway? | IgM |
| Which immunoglobulin is responsible for long-term immunity, and is the most abundant antibody that acts in the secondary immune response | IgG |
| Describe IgA | a monomer or dimer immunoglobulin secreted from non-blood sources that regulates complement activation and clears out antigens |
| Describe IgE | a monomer that attaches its heavy chains to mast cells to trigger allergic reactions |
| IgD are monomer immunoglobulins found on | B-cells |
| Define Opsonization | the tagging of foreign invaders by opsonins to mark them as non-self, enhancing the body's immune response |
| Define Innate Immunity | the quick, non-specific response to foreign antigens |
| What cells are responsible for antigenic presentation | Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells |
| What cell is the most abundant in the innate immune response? | neutrophils |
| What function to antigen presenting cells like monocytes, macorphages, and dendritic cells serve in innate immunity? | they produce cytokines to intensify symptoms and present antigens to T-cells |
| What cells in innate immunity release cytokines and perforin to kill intracellular pathogens and cancer cells? | NK cell |
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