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Consonants
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stop/Plosive | Sound made by the blocking of airflow in vocal tract and sudden release of it |
| Fricative | Sound made by the forcing of air through a narrow channel in the vocal tract |
| Affricate | A mix of a stop and fricative |
| Flap/Tap | Sound made by the tongue's rapid strike at a part of the mouth before returning to its resting position |
| Nasal | Sound made by the lowering of the soft palate (velum) to allow air to escape through the nose |
| Lateral Liquid | Sound made when tongue blocks the center of the mouth while allowing air to escape through both or one of the open sides |
| Retroflex Liquid | Sound made by the curling back of the tongue towards the roof of the mouth and allowing air to escape around it |
| Glide/Approximant/Liquid | AKA "Semivowels," sound that occurs at the edge of a syllable and involves the tongue moving from one position to another, i.e. vowel -> consonant or vice versa |