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Genre
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Comedy | funny, amusing, and light-hearted dramatic literature |
| Fiction | writing that describes imaginary events and people |
| Pacing | the speed at which dialogue or actions happen |
| Flashback | moment in the narrative when the story reflects back on an earlier moment in time |
| Puritanism | Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England and create a more direct relationship with God; their writing reflected simplicity, predestination, and a deep spirituality |
| Protagonist | the main character in a narrative |
| Walt Whitman | American poet who wrote free verse poetry in the 1800s |
| Novel | extended narrative |
| Tragedy | a character flaw or fate eventually causes the protagonist's downfall |
| Melodrama | narratives with simple plots and exaggerated drama to elicit an emotional response from the audience |
| Mock Epic | a poem that pokes fun at heroes and literature that features them |
| Contemporary Poetry | poetry written after WWII until present day; often written in free verse, accessible language, with deeply personal themes |
| Foreshadowing | the narrator or character hints at a future plot point |
| Imagist Movement | a reaction against Romanticism, encouraged reliance on visual imagery |
| Set | the layout of the staged production, including scenery and structures |
| Lighting | the art of using lights onstage to enhance a production |
| Quintet | A five-line stanza |
| Dramatic Irony | when the audience/reader knows something the character does not |
| Sonnet | a fourteen line stanza with a specific rhyme scheme |
| Direct Instruction | a teacher-led approach to instruction in which the instructor provides information on a concept and is the sole expert in the room |
| Historical Context | the time in history in which a text was composed; the cultural and historical influences placed upon the text |
| Genre | various forms of texts including short stories, essays, folktales, fairy tales, poetry, historical fiction, biographies and autobiographies, memoirs, comedies and tragedies |
| John Keats | English poet who was one of the dominant voices in the Romanticism movement |
| Journalism | factual reports of current events |
| Mythology | a set of legends, stories, and beliefs concerning gods, monsters, and heroes |
| Historical Lens | reading a text with the intention of evaluating how it represents its historical and cultural contexts |
| Nikki Giovanni | a contemporary African-American poet, writer, and activist |
| Literary Periods | broad periods in which literature shares similar themes and elements due to historical context |
| Speech | a formal address or discourse spoken to an audience |
| Historical Fiction | a fictionalized narrative of historical events |
| Narrative Poem | form of poetry that tells a story |
| Ode (Poem) | poet expresses strong feelings of love or respect for a person or thing |
| Sound Effects | artificial sounds used to enhance a stage production |
| Conflict (Narrative) | the challenge(s) the main character(s) need to overcome to achieve their goal |
| Historical Drama | a dramatic work set in a past time period |
| Dramatic Tension | suspense or anticipation built throughout a play |
| Lyrical Poetry | expresses feelings and thoughts |
| Blocking | the positioning of an actor on stage |
| Nonfiction | writing based on factual information that may tell a story or give information such as how to do something |
| Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet | 14 line poem in which the last words in the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth lines rhyme |
| Nonverbal Communication | facial expressions, gestures, physical actions |
| Dactyl | indicates a stressed, unstressed, unstressed syllable pattern |
| Romanticism (European Literature) | era of literature focused on the rejection of Neoclassical ideas by exploring nature, imagination, and individuality; lots of poetry (1785 - 1837) |
| Revolutionary Age | era of American literature during the American Revolution; featured political writing and themes of reason, inquiry, individualism, and liberty (1765-1790) |
| Anapest | indicates a unstressed, unstressed, stressed syllable pattern |
| Literary Movements | groups of authors writing in a similar style whose works express similar worldviews |
| Gothic Genre | genre of literature associated with romanticism but include additional elements of horror or mystery |
| Deus ex machina | narrative technique in which the problem in the story all of a sudden is solved |
| Lyric Poem | a poem that conveys feelings or emotions through imagery and figurative language |
| Historical Account | written record of a historical event |
| Antagonist | the main enemy of the protagonist |
| Legend (Narrative) | a traditional story that is believed to have taken place, but its history cannot be verified |
| Indirect Characterization | character details are shown through dialogue, thoughts, or actions and must be inferred by the reader |
| English Renaissance Period | era of English literature situated during the reign of Elizabeth I, famous for drama (plays) and a focus on human character (1550-1660) |
| K-W-L Chart | graphic organizer used throughout a unit that shows what students know (K), want to know (W), and learned (L) |
| Autobiography | a non-fiction text that an author writes about their own life |
| Essay | a short piece of writing on a particular subject |
| Acrostic | poems in which the first letter of each line of text spells a word |
| Trochaic | indicates a stressed, unstressed syllable pattern |
| Biography | a non-fiction text that an author writes about a different person's life |
| Elements of Drama: Diction | Language that is used by the playwright (language or dialogue) |
| Dramatic Literature | written works crafted explicitly for performance on stage or screen |
| Foot | a metrical unit composed of both stressed and unstressed syllables |
| Monologue | a lengthy speech by a character in a drama |
| Rap Music | rhythmical or rhyming speech performed over music |
| Villanelle | 19 line poem with five tercets and a quatrain in a fixed verse form |
| Opinion Piece (Op-ed) | a short text expressing an opinion |
| Blank Verse | unrhymed poetic lines in an unstressed, stressed syllable pattern |
| Harlem Renaissance (Literary Movement) | literary movement based in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the 1920s and 30s which celebrated the African-American experience; featured new ideas, freedoms, and a break from racial stereotypes |
| Exposition | to explain or inform about a topic |
| Romanticism (literary movement) | literary movement that championed nature, romantic love, the individual, and the imagination; shifted the focus of literature from society and its demands to the feelings of the individual |
| Jigsaw Activity | students work in small groups to learn about different topics and then come together to teach each other what they've learned |
| Modernism (Literary Movement) | literary movement that called for a break from traditional values and style, and concentrating on the interior life of characters; often used stream of consciousness |
| Functional Text | a text used for everyday purposes (signs, directions, letters, etc.) |
| Theatre of the Absurd | theatrical works that focus on the absurdity of the human journey through life |
| Memoir | a story or account of someone's life or a part of that person's life |
| Colonial Literary Period | era of American literature during the founding of the English colonies and The Great Awakening (1600-1765); explored historical, practical, and religious themes |
| Shakespearean (English) Sonnet | three quatrains and a couplet |
| Robert Frost | an American poet who had a clear, simple word choice |
| Gothic (Literary Movement) | took place during American Romantic Period, a pessimistic approach to human emotions; writers wrote of humanity's sins, villainy, and hopelessness; Gothic writing featured horror and the supernatural |
| Transcendentalism | literary movement of the American Romantic Period in which authors embraced idealism, nature, and rejected materialism |
| Psychological Thriller | explores the psychology of characters through their thoughts and behaviors |
| Allegory | an extended metaphor with two meanings |
| Rudyard Kipling | English writer who provided a commentary on the political climate in Europe |
| Science Fiction | a narrative usually set in the future or alternate reality with advanced technology |
| Short Story | a story with a fully developed theme that is shorter than a novel |
| Emily Dickinson | American poet who wrote serious, emotional works in a traditional ballad format |
| Haiku | short, three line poems usually written about nature |
| The Early National Period | era of American Literature during the development of the United States; featured exploration of the new American identity and narratives of enslaved Africans (1775-1828) |
| Parable | a short narrative used to teach a lesson |
| Old English Period | era of English literature written in Old English featuring poetry with Christian and heroic themes; the early era of medieval literature in England (500-1066) |
| American Modernist Period | the era of American literature after WWI; discussed the loss of the American Dream, break from tradition, individualism, and disillusionment (1914-1945) |
| Modernism (European Literature) | era of literature influenced by the end of WWI featuring non-traditional structure, individualism, and disillusionment (1901 - 1945) |
| Victorian Literary Period | the era of literary production that took place in the British Empire during the reign of Queen Victoria, which featured the rise of the novel and often examined the English class system (1837-1901) |
| Fable | a short story with a moral |
| Free Verse | a poem that can be on various topics and lacks any pattern |
| Limerick | humorous five line poems with a consistent AABBA rhyme scheme |
| Contemporary Literature | literature written after 1945; features playfulness and randomness, satire and parody, the pursuit of identity, and cultural diversity (a.k.a "Postmodernism") |
| Neoclassical Period | era of British literature characterized by an interest in classical themes, logic over superstition, as well as satire (1660-1785) (a.k.a. "The Enlightenment") |
| Cinquain | a poetic form on various topics that follows a strict five-line syllabic pattern |
| Argumentative Writing | writing meant to persuade the reader to agree with the conclusions of the author |
| Postcolonialism (Literary Movement) | literary movement created by authors from formerly colonized countries or territories such as India, Nigeria, or Puerto Rico; this literature has gained prominence since the end of the Second World War in 1945 |
| American Romantic Period | era of American literature focused on individualism, finding truth in nature, and emotions and imagination (1828-1865) |
| Props | objects used by actors in a play |
| American Naturalist Period | era of American literature from 1900 - World War I; featured a grim view of life, lack of free will, and scientific influence |
| Ballad | ABCB or ABAB rhyming stanzas as part of a longer poem |
| Scientific Account | written record of a scientific event |
| Middle English Period | era of English literature written in Middle English often dealing with Christianity, journeys, and medieval romance (adventure); the later part of medieval literature in England (1066-1550 |
| Folktale | stories that are orally passed through generations |
| Fantasy | a story which takes place in an imaginary world with unreal features and creatures |
| Epic | a long, narrative poem featuring a hero on a journey while performing extraordinary acts |
| Stanza | lines chunked together in a poem, similar to a paragraph in prose |
| Poetry | creative writing written in verse and often including rhymes or heavy use of figurative language |
| Satire | the use of humor or exaggeration to critique human nature or a character |
| Soliloquy | when a character gives a monologue addressed to themself without any concern for those around them; often used in drama to let the audience in on the character's thoughts |
| Quatrain | Four-line stanzas with a set rhyme scheme |
| Volta | ninth line of a Petrarchan sonnet |
| Iambic | indicates a unstressed, stressed syllable pattern |
| Dialogue | conversation between two or more characters |
| Couplet | two lines that rhyme |
| Mystery | a story based around an unsolved crime |
| American Realistic Period | era of American Literature after The Civil War; featured realistic depictions of American life and social issues as well as psychological dilemmas and ordinary problems (1865-1900) |
| Fairy Tale | similar to a folktale, but with fantasy and magical elements; children are often the audience |
| Chicana / Chicano Literature (Literary Movement) | literary movement comprised of Mexican-American authors writing about the Mexican-American experience; this literature has gained prominence since the 1960s |
| Rhyme Scheme | the pattern of end rhyme in a stanza or poem |
| Sestina | a poem with six stanzas with six lines and a triplet at the very end |
| Direct Characterization | details about a character are explicitly given |
| Meter (when reading) | the repetition or the stressing of words or phrases |
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