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music studie
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Irregular metre | A metre containing unequal beat groupings, such as 5/4, 7/8 or 5/8. |
| How to identify Irregular Metre in a score excerpt? | Check the time signature and group the beats, for example 2 + 3 or 3 + 2 + 2. |
| Syncopation | Emphasis placed on normally weak beats or between the main beats. |
| How to identify Syncopation in a score exerpt? | Look for accents on weak beats, notes beginning between beats or notes tied across strong beats. |
| Adagio | A slow tempo. |
| How to identify Adagio in a score exerpt? | The word Adagio appears above the beginning of the music. |
| Andante | A moderately slow tempo, often described as walking pace. |
| How to identify Andante in a score exerpt? | The word Andante appears as the tempo marking. |
| Allegro | A fast and lively tempo. |
| How to identify Allegro in a score excerpt? | The word Allegro appears as the tempo marking. |
| Presto | A very fast tempo. |
| How to identify Presto in a score excerpt? | The word Presto appears as the tempo marking. |
| Drone | A continuously sustained or repeated pitch heard beneath other musical material. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a long-held or continuously repeated note while other parts change. |
| Bend | A technique that raises or lowers the pitch of a note. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a curved arrow or a bend marking, commonly in guitar notation or tablature. |
| Glissando | A continuous slide from one pitch to another. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a straight or wavy line connecting two notes, often labelled gliss. |
| Melisma | Several notes sung on one syllable. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for one lyric syllable extended beneath a group of notes. |
| Pedal point | A sustained or repeated pitch heard while the harmony changes around it. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Find a long-held or repeated note, usually in the bass, underneath changing chords. |
| Sequence | A musical idea repeated at a higher or lower pitch. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Locate the same melodic or rhythmic shape beginning on different pitches. |
| Countermelody | A secondary melody performed at the same time as the main melody. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for two independent melodic lines occurring simultaneously. |
| Melodic contour | The overall shape of a melody as it rises, falls or remains on the same pitch. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Follow the notes and describe the shape as ascending, descending, arch-shaped or wave-like. |
| Harmonics | High, pure pitches produced when only part of a string or air column vibrates. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for diamond-shaped noteheads, small circles above notes or the abbreviation harm. |
| Cascading harmonics | A flowing series of harmonics moving rapidly through different pitches. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a rapid ascending or descending passage of diamond-shaped notes or harmonic markings. |
| Walking bass | A bass line that moves steadily through chord tones and connecting pitches. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a continuous bass line, commonly moving in crotchets. |
| Imitation | A musical idea performed by one part and then repeated by another part. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Find the same or a similar motif entering later in another instrumental or vocal part. |
| Trill | A rapid alternation between a written note and the note directly above it. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for tr or a wavy line above the note. |
| Multiphonics | Two or more pitches produced simultaneously on an instrument that normally produces one note at a time. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for several noteheads on one stem or the instruction multiphonic. |
| Flutter tonguing | A wind or brass technique producing a rapid, trembling sound with the tongue or throat. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for flutter tongue, flz., frull. or tremolo-like markings. |
| Ghost notes | Very soft, lightly articulated notes that provide rhythmic detail. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for bracketed or cross-shaped noteheads, or notes marked extremely softly. |
| Staccato | Notes performed short and detached. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for dots above or below the notes. |
| Legato | Notes performed smoothly and connected. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a curved slur over a group of notes or the word legato. |
| Tenuto | A note held for its full value, sometimes with slight emphasis. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a short horizontal line above or below the note. |
| Fingerpicking | Playing individual guitar strings using the fingers rather than a pick. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for fingerstyle, fingerpicking or right-hand labels p, i, m and a. |
| Arco | An instruction for a string player to use the bow. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for arco, usually following a pizzicato passage. |
| Pizzicato | Plucking the strings of a normally bowed string instrument. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for pizz. or pizzicato. |
| Palm muting | Resting the side of the hand lightly on guitar strings to create a short, muted sound. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for P.M. with a dashed line above guitar notes or tablature. |
| Con sordino | Perform with a mute. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for con sord., con sordino or muted. |
| Senza sordino | Perform without a mute. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for senza sord., senza sordino or open after a muted section. |
| Piano (p) | Soft. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for p beneath or above the stave. |
| Mezzo piano (mp) | Moderately soft. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for mp beneath or above the stave. |
| Forte (f) | Loud. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for f beneath or above the stave. |
| Fortissimo (ff) | Very loud. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for ff beneath or above the stave. |
| Crescendo | Gradually becoming louder. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for cresc. or a hairpin that opens outward (<). |
| Diminuendo | Gradually becoming softer. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for dim., decresc. or a hairpin that closes inward (>). |
| Sforzando (sfz) | A sudden, forceful emphasis on a note or chord. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for sfz, sf or fz beside the note or chord. |
| Textural roles | The functions of musical layers, such as melody, accompaniment, bass line and countermelody. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Compare the parts and identify the main melody, supporting harmony, rhythmic accompaniment and bass line. |
| Imitation | A musical idea introduced by one part and repeated shortly afterwards by another part. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Trace the same motif as it enters in different parts. |
| Countermelody | A secondary melody heard at the same time as the main melody. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a second independent melodic line accompanying the main melody. |
| Ostinato | A musical pattern repeated continuously to create a recurring textural layer. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Find a short pattern that repeats while other parts change. |
| Drone | A sustained or repeated pitch that forms a continuous background layer. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for one pitch continuing underneath a changing melody or harmony. |
| Pedal point | A sustained or repeated note heard against changing harmonies. |
| HOW TO IDENTIFY IT IN A SCORE EXCERPT | Look for a stationary note, often in the bass, while the other parts move. |
Created by:
TarynHT
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