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ClinChem T2 Vocab
Clinical Chemistry Test 2 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acidosis | increase in the acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss bicarbonate |
| Alkalosis | increase in blood alkalinity due to an accumulation of alkaline substances or reduction of acids |
| Angina | chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to heart muscle |
| Anion Gap | the unmeasured anions in plasma present with bicarbonate and chloride to balance sodium and potassium cations |
| Antistreptolysin O titer (ASO) | measurement of antibodies to a protein component of group A Streptococcus bacteria |
| Atherosclerosis | fatty accumulation causing hardening and plugging in blood vessels |
| Ascites | accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen |
| Azotemia | an elevated level of urea in the blood |
| Buffer | a mixture of chemicals that resist changes in pH by combining with free H+ (proton acceptor) and OH-, generally a strong salt and weak acid of base; human buffer systems include anionic proteins, deoxyhemoglobin, phosphate buffers, ans bicarbonate/carboni |
| Clearance | the eliminationof a substance, as related to its removal from the blood plasma by the kidneys |
| Delta Check | comparison of concentration of an analyte to values from previous specimens in the same patient; a form of quality assurance |
| Diabetic Neuropathy | disease of the kidneys, including inflammatory, degenerative, and sclerotic conditions, caused by disease |
| Electrophoresis | a separation technique of different charged molecules on solution in an electrical field of varying potential |
| Filtration | the process of removing particles form a solution by passing the solution through a membrane or other barrier |
| Galactosemia | an inherited disorder marked by the inability to metabolize galactose due to a congenital absence of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase |
| Gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from excess amino acids, fats, or other noncarbohydrate sources |
| Glycemic | pertaining to control of blood glucose levels |
| Glycogenesis | formation of glycogen |
| Glycogenolysis | glycogen stored in the liver and muscles is converted to glucose 1-phosphate and then to glucose 6-phosphate |
| Hydrophobic | water insoluble |
| Hypovolemia | decreased blood volume; may be caused by fluid loss or inadequate fluid intake |
| Idiopathic | without a recognizable cause (following the path of idiots) |
| Kenicterus | yellow staining of the lipid-rich meninges of the brain and spinal cord due to bilirubin infiltrates |
| Ketoacidosis | the accumulation of keto acids in the blood causing metabolic acidosis |
| Micelle | ultramicroscopic particle |
| Microalbuminuria | small amounts of albumin found in the urine, also called dipstick-negative increase in the excretion of albumin urine |
| Necrosis | death of tissue |
| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Oliguria | decreased urine output, < 400mL of urine per day (a common sin of renal insufficiency) |
| Osmotic Pressure | pressure that develops when two solution of different concentration are separated by a semipermeable membrane |
| Phototherapy | exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light for therapeutic purposes, such as treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia |
| Plague | accumulated deposits of fat and other substances in the blood vessels causing roughened and narrowed interior surface |
| Point of Care Testing (POCT) | testing that does not require specimen preparation and provides rapid results at or near the patient’s location |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Polysacharides | complex carbohydrates composed of more than 20 monosaccharides |
| Polyuria | exhibiting excessive urine output (>2.5 L/24hr) |
| Pre-eclampsia | a condition of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria, and edema |
| Renal Threshold | plasma level at which the kidneys no longer reabsorb a substance so that it is excreted into urine as waste |
| STAT | immediately or at once |
| Uremia | a toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency produced by the retention in the blood of nitrogenous substances normally excreted by the kidney |
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