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Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alexander the Great | The Macedonian conqueror, son of Philip II and pupil of Aristotle, who dismantled the Achaemenid Persian Empire. |
| Darius III | The last Achaemenid king of Persia who panicked and fled from Alexander at the battles of Issus and Gaugamela before being killed by Bessus. |
| Battle of Issus | The 333 BC battle fought on the Pinarus River where Alexander traversed the Pass of Jonah and routed Darius III's forces. |
| Battle of Gaugamela | The decisive 331 BC battle where Agriane skirmishers disrupted Persian scythed chariots on a cleared battlefield, sealing the fall of Persia. |
| Siege of Tyre | The seven-month amphibious siege where Alexander constructed a kilometer-long causeway and mounted catapults on mobile siege towers. |
| Battle of the Hydaspes | The costly 326 BC victory over King Porus's war elephants in India that marked the death of Alexander's horse Bucephalus. |
| Bucephalus | Alexander's beloved, fierce war horse that he tamed as a youth by turning it away from its shadow, dying in the Punjab campaign. |
| Diadochi | The rival successor generals—including Ptolemy and Seleucus—who fought civil wars to carve up the empire after Alexander's death in Babylon. |
| Gordian Knot | The legendary, complex knot in Phrygia that Alexander sliced in half with his sword to fulfill a prophecy about ruling Asia. |
| Cilician Gates | The strategic pass through the Taurus Mountains in southern Anatolia utilized by Alexander prior to the Battle of Issus. |
| Sacred Band | The elite force of 150 pairs of Theban lovers completely annihilated by a young Alexander leading Philip II's cavalry at Chaeronea. |
| Cleitus the Black | The Companion Cavalry commander who saved Alexander's life at the Granicus River, only to be killed by a drunken Alexander with a javelin. |
| Opis Mutiny | The 324 BC Macedonian troop rebellion sparked by Alexander's adoption of Persian customs, defused by his famous "Depart!" speech. |
| KV55 Coffin / Alexander Sarcophagus | The famous Sidon relief chest depicting the Battle of Issus that, despite its name, does not contain Alexander's hijacked body. |
| Proskynesis | The controversial traditional Persian court custom of bowing and kissing a ruler's feet, which Alexander aggressively forced his troops to adopt. |
Created by:
kromeo
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