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APHY 201 Exam 2e
Lab III, IV, V - Reflexes, Optics of the Eye, Sensory Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the list of structures a reflex test can assess? (Algonquin Academy video) - recognize for multiple choice | muscle spindles, afferent neurons & motor neurons, NMJs, excitatory & inhibitory input |
| what is the nerve that supplies the biceps brachii? | musculocutaneous nerve |
| what is the muscle action expected in a biceps reflex test? | flexion of forearm |
| what is the nerve plexus and spinal nerve roots tested that are involved in a biceps reflex? | brachial plexus, testing C5-6 spinal roots |
| which nerve supplies the triceps brachii? | radial nerve |
| what is the nerve plexus and spinal nerve roots tested that are involved in a triceps reflex? | brachial plexus, testing C7-8 spinal roots |
| which reflex involves the radial nerve, flexion of forearm, inhibition of triceps brachii, involvement of the brachial plexus, and spinal roots C5-6? | brachioradialis reflex (pay attention to the nerve involved) |
| which muscle action is expected in the patellar reflex? | extension of leg |
| which nerve supplies muscle group involved the patellar reflex? | femoral nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris |
| which nerve plexus and spinal root area tested that are involved in the patellar reflex? | lumbar plexus, L2-4 spinal roots |
| which is the muscle group that contracts during the Achilles/ankle reflex? | triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus) |
| which nerve supplies the gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae)? (hint: this is associated with the Achilles/ankle reflex) | tibial nerve |
| what is the muscle action expected in the Achilles/ankle reflex? | plantar flexion of foot |
| what is the inhibited muscle during the Achilles/ankle reflex? | tibialis anterior |
| which nerve plexus and spinal roots are involved in the Achilles/ankle reflex? | sacral plexus, S1-2 |
| why doesn't the mandibular jaw-jerk reflex have a nerve plexus or spinal nerve root associated with it? | it bypasses the spinal cord (trigeminal nerve V) |
| what are the muscles that contract during the mandibular/jaw-jerk reflex? | masseter and temporalis |
| what is the nerve that supplies the masster & temporalis? | trigeminal nerve (V3) aka mandibular nerve |
| what is the expected muscle action for the mandibular/jaw-jerk reflex? | elevation of the mandible (jaw closing) |
| what is the name of the muscle inhibited during the mandibular/jaw-jerk reflex? | digastric muscle |
| what involved nerve plexus and spinal roots tested are associated with the mandibular/jaw-jerk reflex? | none, trick question |
| moving an object closer in emmetropia WITHOUT accommodation of the crystal lens would put the focal point to a position either in front of or behind the retina. which is it? | the focal point would be pushed behind the retina |
| choose the right answers: when a near object (<20 feet) is viewed, the light rays converge/diverge on their way to the eye, the ciliary body is relaxed/contracted, and the lens is thin/thick | diverge, contracted, thick |
| a "fatter" lens draws the focal point forward or back in the eye? | forward |
| in hyperopia, is the eyeball abnormally short or long? is the retina in front of or behind where the retina should be? | abnormally short, retina is in front of where it SHOULD be, aka rays focus behind retina |
| which kind of lens, convex or concave, would help someone with hyperopia? | convex |
| true or false, a corrective lens for hyperopia stards the bending of light "early" | true, it is like having a second lens in front of the human lens |
| in myopia, is the eyeball abnormally short or long? is the retina in front of or behind where the retina should be? | abnormally long, retina is behind where it SHOULD be aka rays focus in front of retina |
| which kind of lens, convex or concave, would help someone with myopia? | concave |
| true or false, a corrective lens for myopia diverges the rays before they reach the eye | true, light to the eyes in myopia is bent at an angle that is too steep (or the eyeball is too long) |
| what is the Snellen test? | standard eye exam used to measure visual acuity, that uses a chart of block letters that get progressively smaller toward the bottom |
| what is the Weber test and how is it different from the Rinne test? | with the Rinne test, one ear at a time, the fork compares air conduction to bone conduction. the Weber test places a vibrating tuning fork on the center of the forehead or top of the head and checks for lateralization |
| what is the postural reflex test? | stand behind someone and pull on their shoulders. it should take just 1-2 steps for them to regain their balance |
| what is Barany’s test? | by spinning a person around like on a chair, you can induce nystagmus |
| what is the Romberg test? | tests lateral sway with eyes open and closed |
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