Phenomena modeled by the Adams-Williamson equation, whose finite-frequency sensitivities are described by the "Banana Doughnut Theory" used to map the Tuzo and Jason low-shear-velocity provinces.

The blind region extending beyond an angular distance of 104 degrees where transverse waves cannot travel, proving the Earth has a liquid outer core.

Inclined planar regions of subduction zones where deep-focus earthquakes are triggered by the phase transition of olivine into a spinel structure.

Earthquake Prediction

A highly sought-after task historically attempted via the controversial VAN method using electrical signals (SES), Vladimir Keilis-Borok's M8 algorithm (TIPs), and the tracking of lost pet ads.

An active measurement device whose earliest known version featured dragon heads dropping bronze balls into toads, engineered by Zhang Heng in 132 AD.

Moment Magnitude Scale

The modern scale developed by Hanks and Kanamori that replaced the Richter scale to measure absolute energy release without saturating at higher thresholds.

Modified Mercalli Scale

A 12-point intensity scale measuring localized, qualitative damage to human infrastructure, complementing quantitative magnitude metrics.

A catastrophic secondary hazard occurring during seismic shaking in water-saturated, loose soils where effective stress drops to zero and solid ground behaves like quicksand.

Gutenberg Discontinuity

The boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core that creates a refracting P-wave shadow zone between 104 and 140 degrees.

Andrija Mohorovičić

The pioneering seismologist who analyzed body wave travel time curves to identify the sharp density boundary separating the Earth's crust from the mantle.

A common nickname for stereonet diagram representations of focal mechanisms used by geologists to visualize fault slip and orientation.

Gutenberg-Richter Law

An empirical logarithmic power-law relationship proving that a unit increase in magnitude yields a roughly tenfold dropoff in the frequency of tremors.

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Earthquakes

Earthquake Notes

Question	Answer
Seismic Waves	Phenomena modeled by the Adams-Williamson equation, whose finite-frequency sensitivities are described by the "Banana Doughnut Theory" used to map the Tuzo and Jason low-shear-velocity provinces.
S-Wave Shadow Zone	The blind region extending beyond an angular distance of 104 degrees where transverse waves cannot travel, proving the Earth has a liquid outer core.
Wadati-Benioff Zones	Inclined planar regions of subduction zones where deep-focus earthquakes are triggered by the phase transition of olivine into a spinel structure.
Earthquake Prediction	A highly sought-after task historically attempted via the controversial VAN method using electrical signals (SES), Vladimir Keilis-Borok's M8 algorithm (TIPs), and the tracking of lost pet ads.
Seismograph	An active measurement device whose earliest known version featured dragon heads dropping bronze balls into toads, engineered by Zhang Heng in 132 AD.
Moment Magnitude Scale	The modern scale developed by Hanks and Kanamori that replaced the Richter scale to measure absolute energy release without saturating at higher thresholds.
Modified Mercalli Scale	A 12-point intensity scale measuring localized, qualitative damage to human infrastructure, complementing quantitative magnitude metrics.
Soil Liquefaction	A catastrophic secondary hazard occurring during seismic shaking in water-saturated, loose soils where effective stress drops to zero and solid ground behaves like quicksand.
Gutenberg Discontinuity	The boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core that creates a refracting P-wave shadow zone between 104 and 140 degrees.
Andrija Mohorovičić	The pioneering seismologist who analyzed body wave travel time curves to identify the sharp density boundary separating the Earth's crust from the mantle.
Beachball Plots	A common nickname for stereonet diagram representations of focal mechanisms used by geologists to visualize fault slip and orientation.
Gutenberg-Richter Law	An empirical logarithmic power-law relationship proving that a unit increase in magnitude yields a roughly tenfold dropoff in the frequency of tremors.

Created by: kromeo

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