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Cardio Master Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most come reason people die? When your dealing with someone with chest pain you think they're having a heart attack what is the most common way they are going to die? | From a lethal heart dysrhythmia. |
| Cardiology curriculum is based on what standard curriculum? | U.S. Department of Transportation National Standard Curriculum. |
| What should we perform a cardiac work up? | Pt presents with a pulse and a problem from hips to head. ** 12/15 Lead** |
| Define Anastomosis | The communication between two or more vessels. The connection between one or more vessels. |
| Define Collateral Circulation | The communication between two or more vessels. The connection between one or more vessels. |
| Define Poiseuille's Law | Blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the radius of the vessel to the fourth power. |
| What is the first phase of the cardiac cycle. | Diastole |
| Define ventricular Diastole | S1, Lub, When the ventricles fill with blood, first phase of the cardiac cycle, closing of the pulmonic and aortic valve. Heart is filling |
| Define ventricular Systole | S2, Dub, When the myocardium is contracting, second phase of the cardiac cycle. Closing of the tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve, the heart is pumping. |
| Define the cardiac cycle. | Is the sequence of events that occurs between the end of one heart contraction and the end of the the next. |
| Define Ejection Fraction. | Amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles ÷ Total amount of blood in the ventricle **the % of blood that is pumped from the ventricles to how much is remaining at the end of diastole. 100mL - 40mL = 60-70%** <45%=Heart failure |
| Define Proload. | How much volume/ pressure of blood is in the ventricles at the end of diastole. Also called the end diastolic volume. The greater the preload the greater the EF will be. |
| Define Afterload. | The resistance the heart must pump against to open the aortic valve Left or Right. Afterload = Ventricular workload |
| Define Contractility | The ability of the muscle cells to contract, or shorten. |
| What ion is primarily responsible for cardiac contractility. | Calcium. |
| Define Stroke Volume. | The amount of blood pumped out in one contraction |
| What is the average stroke volume? | Between 70 and 100 mL's average of 70 mL EF 70%. |
| What are three things that affect stroke volume? | Preload- how much blood is filling the heart. Afterload - how much pressure the heart has to pump against. Contractility - how well is the heart is contracting pumping. |
| How do you increase preload | IV fluids |
| How do you increase or decrease afterload | Vasoconstrictors or Vasodilators |
| How do you increase contractility? | Meds |
| Define Cardiac Output. | The volume of blood that is pumped out in one minute. SV x HR |
| Define Starling Law of the Heart. | The rubber band effect. The more the myocardium is stretched the more forceful the subsequent contraction will be the contractility we will have. up to a certain point. |
Created by:
ejarami4
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