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Ch 11.4 Notes
Notes about 11.4 in anatomy about heart disease and issues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are heart murmurs? | When one of the heart valves does not close properly |
| What are murmurs common in? | Young children |
| If murmurs are in children, is special treatment needed? | No |
| In the US, how many deaths does heart disease account for? | 1 sixth |
| According to the American Heart association, how many deaths are caused by heart disease every day? | Around 2,200 |
| How common are coronary events/attacks? | Someone suffers one every 25 seconds |
| What is the cost to treat heart disease? | 300 billion USD every year |
| What is valvular Stenosis? | When valves in the heart narrow and become stiff forcing the heart to work harder |
| What is mitral valve prolapse? | When the mitral valve does not fully close and blood does not get pumped out properly |
| How common is mitral valve prolapse? | It effects around 10 percent of the population |
| What is pericarditis? | Inflammation of the heart sac or the pericardium which causes the heart to rub against the inflamed pericardium |
| What is myocarditis? | Inflammation of the heart muscle or the myocardium and causes similar symptoms to pericarditis |
| What are the symptoms of pericarditis? | Constant pain and shortness of breath |
| What is endocarditis? | Inflammation of the heart lining and valves and can destroy the heart valves if left untreated |
| What is heart failure? | When the heart can't pump enough blood to supply the boy with enough oxygen |
| How successful is a heart transplant to treat heart failure? | 75% after 5 years |
| What is an aneurysm? | When a part of an artery becomes weakened and starts to bulge which can break |
| Where are aneurysms common? | The aorta, the brain, and behind the knee |
| How are aneurysms detected and diagnosed? | CT scans, MRA, and ultrasound |
| Why are aneurysms very dangerous if ruptured? | Because they can cause intense major bleeding so fast it's sometimes seconds so there is almost nothing that can be done |
| What is coronary artery disease? | Narrowing of the arteries due to a build up of cholesterol under the endocardium which narrows the lumen of the artery which can cause a heart attack if a clot forms and blocks the artery |
| What is atherosclerosis? | When plaque hardens the restricts the passage of blood? |
| What is angina pectoris? | Chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart which is called ischemia |
| What is a heart attack also called? | A myocardial infarction |
| What are some symptoms of a heart attack? | Sweating, jaw pain, pain down the left arm, and the big one, a crushing unexplainable feeling on the chest |
| How can aspirin help in a heart attack? | It thins the blood which can help blood flow in the restricted artery |
| Is ischemia and injury to the heart reversible? | Yes |
| Is heart tissue death reversible? | No |
| What marks high blood pressure/hypertension? | 140/90 mmH |
| What does high blood pressure cause? | Coronary artery disease |
| What can contribute to high blood pressure? | Family history, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, and salt sensitivity |
| What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)? | A lack of circulation in legs or arms due to narrowed arteries |
| What can increase the risk of peripheral vascular disease? | Smoking and family history |
| What are some symptoms of peripheral vascular disease? | Pain, fatigue, and a burning sensation in calf |
| What are some treatments of peripheral vascular disease? | Exercise, medicines to control closes, and surgery to place stents to open arteries |
| How does smoking contribute to heart problems? | Chemicals from smoking damagae artery walls |
| What is TIA/temporary ischemic attack? | A mini stroke which acts as a warning sign of problems |
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