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CNS 4-5

BDK

Pharmacologic CategoryGeneric NameBrand NameClassificationCommon IndicationsEssential Knowledge
Alpha2 agonist, sedative dexmedetomidine (IV) Precedex Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours
Sedative, general nesthetic propofol (IV) Diprivan Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedures, status epilepticus Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare), Other Notes: formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
Sleep aid melatonin (PO) - OTC Insomnia, jet lag Key Side Effects: drowsiness, daytime somnolence
Hypnotic zolpidem (PO) PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar CS-IV Insomnia Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors
Benzodiazepine midazolam (IV, IM) Versed CS-IV Anesthesia, sedation Key Side Effects: hypotension, apnea, bradypnea BW: with opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; risk of abuse; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions; dose must be individualized; never give by rapid injection in neonates
Benzodiazepine lorazepam (PO, IV) Ativan CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia BW: use with opioids, abuse risk, don't use IV lorazepam over 48 hours bc PEG
Benzodiazepine diazepam (PO, IV) Valium CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia BW: use with opioids, abuse risk
Benzodiazepine clonazepam (PO) Klonopin CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia BW: use with opioids, abuse risk
Benzodiazepine alprazolam (PO) Xanax CS-IV Anxiety daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia BW: use with opioids, abuse risk
Anti-anxiety agent buspirone (PO) Buspar Anxiety Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea Other Notes: do not use with MAOI
Anticonvulsant pregabalin (PO) Lyrica CS-V Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision, peripheral edema, weight gain
Anticonvulsant gabapentin (PO) Neurontin Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, hyponatremia
Anticonvulsant oxcarbazepine (PO) Trileptal Seizure disorders Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, asthenia, psychotic symptoms, agitation
Anticonvulsant topiramate (PO) Topamax Seizure disorders Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, memory impairment, weight loss
Anticonvulsant divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO) Depakote, Depakote ER Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis Key Side Effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, hyperammonemia US Boxed Warnings: may cause fatal hepatic failure; may cause life- threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity
Anticonvulsant lamotrigine (PO) Lamictal Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash, alopecia US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS
Anticonvulsant carbamazepine (PO) Tegretol Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia US BW: risk of serious dermatologic reactions, SJS in patients with certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
Created by: beezy41
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