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450 Unit 8

QuestionAnswer
What is Fortran short for? Formula Translator
Who created Fortran and when was it created? John Backus,, late 1950s
Why is Fortran still popular today? for scientific applications that require extensive mathematical computations
Which programming language dramatically changed the way computers are used? Fortran
What is LISP short for? list processing language
Who designed LISP and when? McCarthy in 1958
What are the two data types in LISP? atoms and lists
What is LISPs syntax based on? lamda calculus
Which programming language pioneered functional programming? LISP
What is ALGOL short for? algorithmic language
Which programming language was the result of efforts to design a universal language? ALGOL
What was the first machine-independent language? ALGOL
Which language was first to have formally defined syntax? ALGOL
What is COBOL short for? Common Business-Oriented Language
Who sponsored the first design meeting of COBOL? Department of Defense
Which language is still the most widely used business application language? COBOL
What is BASIC short for? Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
What dialect of basic is currently the most popular? visual basic
What is PL/I short for? Programming Language I
Who designed PL/I and when was it designed? IBM in the 1960s
What two languages are characterized by dynamic typing and dynamic storage allocation? APL and SNOBOL
What is APL short for? A programming language
Who created APL and when was it created? Ken Iverson around 1960
What is SNOBOL short for? string-oriented and symbolic language
What language was designed as a string manipulation language? SNOBOL
What is SIMULA 67 short for? Simulation language
What was SIMULA 67 designed primarily for? system simulation
What concept is ALGOL 68 based on? orthogonality
Who developed PASCAL and who was it named after? developed by Wirth and named after french mathematician Blaise Pascal
What was Pascal's largest impact on? teaching programming
What was C designed for? systems programming
What is the + and - of C? powerful set of operators, but poor type checking
What is PROLOG short for? program logic
What is PROLOG based on? formal logic
Which language can be summarized as being an intelligent database system that uses an inferencing process to infer the truth of given queries? PROLOG
Who is ADA named after? the first computer programmer, Ada Lovelace
Who is ADA under contract to? Department of Defense
Who developed SmallTalk and when was it developed? Xerox PARK,, 1970s
Why was SmallTalk created? to investigate teaching programming to children
Which language was the first full implementation of an object-oriented language? SmallTalk
Which two programming languages evolved into C++ and who developed it? C and Simula 67,, developed at Bell Labs by Stroustrup
What two types of programming does C++ support? procedural and OO
When and where was Java developed? Sun in the early 1990s
What is PERL short for? Practical Extraction and Reporting Language
How many distinctive namespaces does PERL have? 3
What made PERL gain widespread use? CGI programming on the Web
What is Javascript often used to create? dynamic HTML documents
How is Javascript related to Java? only through similar syntax
What is PHP short for? PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
What is PHP often used for? to form processing and database access through the Web
What is Python? an OO interpreted scripting language
Who designed Ruby? Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz)
Which language is a pure object oriented scripting language? Ruby
How are most operators implemented in Ruby? as methods which can be redefined by user code
What is C# based on? C++, Java, and Delphi
Created by: user-2034524
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