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Ovid's Metamorphoses
Transformations in Ovid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chaos | From formlessness into the ordered cosmos (Bk 1) |
| Lycaon | Into a wolf for serving Jupiter human flesh (Bk 1) |
| Deucalion's thrown stones | Into men after the flood (Bk 1) |
| Pyrrha's thrown stones | Into women after the flood (Bk 1) |
| Earth's flood-warmed mud | Into new creatures, including Python (Bk 1) |
| Io (1, early) | Into a white heifer by Jupiter to hide his affair (Bk 1) |
| Io (2, later) | Restored to human form (Bk 1) |
| Syrinx | Into marsh reeds to escape Pan (Bk 1) |
| Daphne | Into a laurel tree to escape Apollo’s advances (Bk 1) |
| Argus | His hundred eyes placed onto peacock tail by Juno (Bk 1) |
| The Heliades | Into poplar trees while mourning Phaeton’s death (Bk 2) |
| Cycnus of Liguria | Into a swan by Apollo transforms while mourning Phaethon (Bk 2) |
| Callisto (1, early) | Into a bear by Juno for bearing Jupiter's son Arcas (Bk 2) |
| Callisto (2, later) | Into the constellation Ursa Major by Jupiter to protect her from hunters (Bk 2) |
| Arcas | Into the constellation Ursa Minor (or Arctophylax) alongside his mother (Bk 2) |
| A crow | Apollo turns its white feathers for news about Coronis' infidelity (Bk 2) |
| Ocyrhoë (Chiron's daughter) | Into a mare for prophesying truths she was forbidden to speak (Bk 2) |
| Battus | Into a stone by Mercury for breaking his oath of silence about the stolen cattle (Bk 2) |
| Aglauros | Into black stone by Mercury for her envy & trying to block his path to Herse (Bk 2) |
| Jupiter | Disguises himself as a white bull to carry off Europa (Bk 2) |
| Cadmus's dragon teeth | Into the Sown Men (Spartoi), warriors who arise from the earth (Bk 3) |
| Actaeon | Into a stag by Diana for seeing her bathing naked (Bk 3) |
| Tiresias (1, early) | From male to female for striking two mating serpents (Bk 3) |
| Tiresias (2, later) | From female back to male after striking serpents again (Bk 3) |
| Echo (1, early) | Into a repeater of others’ last few words by Juno for distracting her (Bk 3) |
| Echo (2, later) | Into a disembodied voice from unrequited love for Narcissus (Bk 3) |
| Narcissus | Into a flower after he wastes away from unrequited love of his own reflection (Bk 3) |
| Tyrrhenian sailors | Into dolphins by Bacchus for kidnapping him (Bk 3) |
| Daughters of Minyas | Into bats for refusing to worship Bacchus (Bk 4) |
| Mulberry tree's berries | From white to red/purple by the blood of Pyramus & Thisbe (Bk 4) |
| Leucothoë | Into a frankincense shrub by Apollo after being buried alive by her father (Bk 4) |
| Clytie | Into a heliotrope (sunflower) after pining & watching the Sun for nine days (Bk 4) |
| Salmacis & Hermaphroditus | Merged into one androgynous being (Bk 4) |
| Ino | Into the sea goddess Leucothea after she leaps into the sea with her dead son (Bk 4) |
| Melicertes | Into the sea god Palaemon, deified alongside his mother (Bk 4) |
| Ino's attendants | Some turned to stone by Juno, others leap from the cliffs & are transformed into sea birds (Bk 4) |
| Cadmus | Into a serpent in response to his prayer, with his wife (Bk 4) |
| Harmonia | Into a serpent, transformed simultaneously with her husband (Bk 4) |
| Atlas | Into a mountain by Perseus with Medusa’s head after he refuses hospitality (Bk 4) |
| Seaweed & sea plants | Into coral when Perseus lays Medusa's head on the shore (Bk 4) |
| Phineus & companions | Into stone by Perseus with Medusa's head at the wedding feast (Bk 4) |
| Cyane | Into a pool of water from grief after Pluto abducts Proserpine (Bk 5) |
| Ascalaphus | Into a screech owl for revealing Proserpine ate pomegranate seeds (Bk 5) |
| The Sirens | Into half-bird, half-woman hybrids by Ceres to search Proserpine (Bk 5) |
| Arethusa | Into an underground spring by Diana to save her from the river god Alpheus (Bk 5) |
| Lyncus (King of Scythia) | Into a lynx by Ceres for trying to kill Triptolemus in his sleep (Bk 5) |
| The Pierides (daughters of Pierus) | Into magpies by the Muses after a singing contest (Bk 5) |
| Arachne | Into a spider by Minerva after their weaving contest (Bk 6) |
| Niobe | Into a weeping stone after Apollo & Diana kill her 14 children (Bk 6) |
| Lycian peasants | Into frogs by Latona for muddying her pool (Bk 6) |
| Philomela | Into a nightingale as as she & her sister flee from Tereus (Bk 6) |
| Procne | Into a swallow fleeing from Tereus with her sister (Bk 6) |
| Tereus | Into a hoopoe bird while pursuing two sisters with his sword (Bk 6) |
| Aeson (Jason's father) | Rejuvenated from old age back to youth by Medea's magic (Bk 7) |
| An aged ram | Rejuvenated to a lamb by Medea’s magic (Bk 7) |
| Ants of Aegina | Into the Myrmidons by Jupiter to repopulate a plague-emptied island (Bk 7) |
| Laelaps (a dog) & the Teumessian fox | Turned to stone in mid-chase by Jupiter (Bk 7) |
| Scylla (daughter of Nisus) | Into a sea bird, Ciris, for betraying her father (Bk 8) |
| Nisus (King of Megara) | Into a sea eagle/osprey to pursue his daughter in the air forever (Bk 8) |
| Perdix (Talus) | Into a partridge by Minerva to save him after he was pushed from a tower (Bk 8) |
| The Meleagrides | Into guinea fowl for their mourning of their brother (Bk 8) |
| Philemon & Baucis | Into an intertwined oak & linden tree by Jupiter & Mercury (Bk 8) |
| Erysichthon | Into a personification of hunger who eventually consumes himself (Bk 8) |
| Mestra | A shapeshifter, changes shapes repeatedly to feed father’s insatiable hunger (Bk 8) |
| Achelous | From a man to a snake to a bull in story of his fight with Hercules (Bk 9) |
| Hercules | Apotheosized, his divine nature ascends & he is received among the gods (Bk 9) |
| Galanthis | Into a weasel by Juno/Lucina for tricking the goddess of childbirth (Bk 9) |
| Lotis | Into a lotus tree while fleeing Priapus (Bk 9) |
| Dryope | Into a lotus tree after plucking flowers from a sacred tree (Bk 9) |
| Byblis | Into a spring/fountain from tears of grief for her impossible love (Bk 9) |
| Iphis | From female to male by Isis to marry Ianthe (Bk 9 |
| Cyparissus | Into a cypress tree by Apollo for his grief for killing his beloved stag (Bk 10) |
| Hyacinthus | Into a flower after being hit Apollo’s discus (Bk 10) |
| The Cerastae | Into bullocks by Venus for sacrificing guest-strangers at their altars (Bk 10) |
| The Propoetides | Into stone by Venus for denying her divinity (Bk 10) |
| Galatea (Pygmalion's ivory statue) | Into a living woman by Venus (Bk 10) |
| Myrrha | Into a myrrh tree to escape her father’s wrath for her misdeeds (Bk 10) |
| Adonis | Into an anemone flower by Venus after a boar kills him (Bk 10) |
| Atalanta | Into a lioness by Venus for misbehaviour at a sacred shrine (Bk 10) |
| Hippomenes | Into a lion by Venus for misbehaviour at a sacred shrine (Bk 10) |
| Snake | Into stone by Apollo as it lunges at the severed head of Orpheus (Bk 11) |
| Midas (1; early) | Receives gift of touch that turns everything to gold (Bk 11) |
| Midas's Golden Touch | Reversed after he washes in the river Pactolus (Bk 11) |
| Midas (2; later) | Given ass’ ears by Apollo for preferring Pan's music in a divine contest (Bk 11) |
| Daedalion | Into a sparrowhawk by Apollo as he hurls himself from a cliff in grief & fury (Bk 11) |
| Wolf of Psamathe | Into stone in mid-rampage to end its devastation of Peleus's herds (Bk 11) |
| Thetis | Futilely changes shape multiple times when Peleus seizes her – bird, tree, tiger (Bk 11) |
| Ceyx & Alcyone | Into kingfisher/halcyon birds by the gods after drowning (Bk 11) |
| Aesacus | Into a diver bird for repeatedly hurling himself into the sea in grief for Hesperia (Bk 11) |
| Caenis | From female to male by Neptune to never again be violated (Bk 12) |
| Caeneus | Into a tawny-winged bird after being buried alive (Bk 12) |
| Cycnus (son of Neptune) | Into a swan by Neptune after Achilles kills him in battle (Bk 12) |
| Ajax’s blood | Into a hyacinth flower from his blood spilled on the ground (Bk 13) |
| Hecuba | Into a barking dog after her revenge killing of Polymestor (Bk 13) |
| Memnon’s Ashes | Into birds that fight over his funeral pyre (Bk 13) |
| Daughters of Anius | Into doves by Bacchus when Agamemnon tries to seize them (Bk 13) |
| Acis | Into a river & then a river-god after being crushed to death by a Cyclops (Bk 13) |
| Glaucus | Into an immortal sea-god/merman (Bk 13) |
| Scylla (beautiful nymph) | Into a hideous, man-eating, dog-legged monster by Circe (Bk 14) |
| Macareus' companions | Into pigs by Circe (Bk 14) |
| King Picus | Into a woodpecker by Circe after he rejects her love (Bk 14) |
| King Picus’ companions | Into various wild beasts by Circe (Bk 14) |
| Canens | Dissolves away & melts into air away from grief (Bk 14) |
| Acmon | Into a bird for speaking against Venus with arrogance & scorn (Bk 14) |
| Diomedes’ companions | Into birds by Venus for her wounding at Troy & their disrespect (Bk 14) |
| Apulus | Into a wild olive tree by nymphs for mocking & imitating their sacred dance (Bk 14) |
| The ships of Aeneas | Into sea-nymphs by Cybele to save them from burning (Bk 14) |
| Romulus | Apotheosized as the god Quirinus by Mars (Bk 14) |
| Hersilia (Romulus's wife) | Into the goddess Hora by Iris (Bk 14) |
| Hippolytus | Into Virbius, a minor god, by Aesculapius at Diana's request (Bk 15) |
| Cipus | Grows bull's horns from his head (Bk 15) |
| Aesculapius | Into a great serpent (Bk 15) |
| Julius Caesar | Apotheosized into a star/comet by Venus (Bk 15) |
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