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Nervous System Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autonomic nervous system | branch of the peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary and unconscious body functions |
| axon | extension of the cell body which generates impulses and sends them to the next neuron |
| axon terminal | button-shaped ending of the axon which connects with other neurons or targeted tissues |
| basal ganglia | cluster of neurons beneath the cerebral cortex; part of the voluntary motor system |
| brain | primary organ of the central nervous system |
| brainstem | portion of the brain connected to the spinal chord; responsible for regulating involuntary functions |
| central nervous system | branch of the nervous system responsible for processing incoming information and initiating outgoing responses; consists of the brain and spinal chord |
| cerebellum | mass connected to the brainstem; responsible for maintain posture, balance and coordinating body movements |
| cerebrospinal fluid | clear liquid circulating around the brain and spinal cord for protection and nutrient transportation |
| cerebrum | largest part of the brain composed of four lobes on each side; responsible for higher level thinking and coordination |
| dendrite | short branching extensions which send impulses to the cell body |
| cell body | cellular portion of a neuron which contains all organelles |
| glial cells | non-neuronal cells which support neurons |
| grey matter | tissue in the central nervous system which mostly contains neuron cell bodies |
| interneuron | specialized neuron which carries impulses between motor and sensory neurons |
| limbic system | inner section of the cerebrum and diencephalon; responsible for emotional response, motivation, learning and memory |
| meninges | protective layer of tissue over the brain and spinal chord |
| motor neuron | specialized neuron to carry impulses from the central nervous system to target organs to stimulate a response |
| myelin sheath | protective covering of the axon which helps impulses travel quickly |
| neuron | structural and functional nerve cell to which send and receive impulses |
| parasympathetic nervous system | branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "rest and digest" response |
| peripheral nervous system | branch of the nervous system responsible for relaying information to and from the central nervous system |
| sensory neuron | specialized neuron to detect physical and chemical stimuli and send messages to the central nervous system |
| somatic nervous system | branch of the peripheral nervous system responsible for voluntary movement and reflexes |
| spinal chord | tube-shaped bundle of nervous tissue extending from the brainstem into the vertebral column; responsible for connecting the brain to the rest of the body |
| sympathetic nervous system | branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "fight or flight" response |
| synapse | where neurons meet at the axon terminals to transfer impulses |
| white matter | tissue in the central nervous system which mostly contains neuron axons |
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