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HumanBodyImmuneVocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| immune system | body-wide network of cells and organs which defends the body against attacks by "foreign" invaders |
| antigens | substance which can trigger an immune response, such as bacteria or virus |
| self cells | cells of the body which are supposed to be present |
| non-self cells | any substance which is not normally located in the body |
| self marker | molecule which serves as an identity indicator for all cells |
| epitopes | characteristic shape which sticks out of the antigens surface, similar to the self marker |
| antibodies | molecules created by the body to attach to and destroy antigens |
| antigens | foreign substance in the body which are normally linked to a disease state |
| B-cells | small white blood cells which produce antibodies |
| lymphatic system | produce lymph |
| lymph | fluid containing white blood cells which removes bacteria and certain proteins from tissues and supplies mature lymphocytes to the blood |
| lymphatic organs | produce the cells of the immune system and include the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and bone marrow |
| lymph nodes | detect and filter bacteria from intercellular fluid |
| lymphatic tissues | make up the lymph organs |
| lymph vessels | transport fluid to lymph nodes |
| thymus | houses the lymphocytes where they mature and become T-cells |
| lymphocyte | type of white blood cells in the immune system which aids in attacking infected or unfamiliar tissue |
| T-cells | specialized type of mature lymphocyte |
| Spleen | filters blood looking for foreign cells and removes old and damaged red blood cells from the circulatory system |
| bone marrow | nutrient rich, spongy tissue found in center shafts of certain long, flat bones in the human body which produces all of the cells of the immune system; is the origin of red blood cells, white cells and platelets |
| platelets | blood particles which are involved in clotting |
| precursor | something which comes before the final product |
| myeloid cells | any white blood cells which are not lymphocytes |
| lymphoid cells | various kinds of lymphocytes |
| basophils | white blood cells which cause allergic reactions to become visible by releasing histamine; can be combated by taking antihistamine |
| eosinophils | white blood cells which combat parasites when they are in the body |
| monocytes | white blood cells which protect against blood-borne pathogens and mature into macrophages |
| pathogens | disease causing agents such as a bacteria or virus |
| macrophages | cells within the tissues which originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes |
| phagocytes | ingest foreign particles such as cell waste material and bacteria in order to clean the body |
| neutrophils | most common type of white blood cells are phagocytic; the first immune cells to arrive at a site of infection |
| lymphoid cells | lymphocytes including B-cells, T-cells and natural killer cells |
| Immunoglobulins | protein extract from blood which fights off infection |
| Major Histocompatibility complex | set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces which aids in cell recognition |
| helper | activate immune cells by communication |
| regulatory | suppresses immune cells |
| memory | serve as a collection of information on how to kill a particular antigen |
| cytotoxic | directly attack cells carrying foreign or abnormal molecules on their surface |
| natural killer lymphocytes | another kind of lethal white blood cells similar to t-cells |
| innate immunity | basic resistance to disease which a species possesses; is activated by chemical properties of the antigen |
| adaptive immunity | antigen-specific immune response more complex than the innate immunity |
| natural immunity | response the body has due to its "memory" of the antigen from either an active or passive immunity |
| active natural immunity | exposure to an antigen before; cells know how to fight already |
| passive natural immunity | mother was immune to the disease and it passed through the placenta to the child |
| acquired immunity | immunity received due to either a vaccination or immunization |
| active acquired immunity | injection with an antibody which kill the antigen |
| passive acquired immunity | injection with a vaccination or immunization which prevents the antigen from becoming viable |
| Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | fatal disease caused by a rapidly mutating retrovirus |
| retrovirus | virus in the family retroviridae whose genetic information is held in the RNA rather than DNA |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human Immunodeficiency virus |
| measles | highly contagious virus transmitted by breathing the air after an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks |
| mumps | caused by a virus which affects the glands of the body, especially the parotid salivary glands |
| rubella | diseases caused by the rubella virus which enters the body through the nose or throat and is contagious but has a vaccine |
| severe combined immunodeficiency | group of inherited disorders which cause sever abnormalities of the immune system |
| stem cell transplant | when stem cells are introduced into the body in the hopes new cells will rebuild the immune system |
| stem cells | found primarily in the bone marrow from which all types of blood cells develop |
| tetanus | an acute, sometimes fatal disease of the nervous system caused by a toxin released from the tetanus bacterium |
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