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The Sensory Systems
The notes on chapter 7, the special sensory organs and systems.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How big is the eyeball at birth? | About 1.7 cm. |
| By what age will the eye have reached its full size? | By 12 years. |
| What is the full size of the eye? | About 2.5 cm or 1 in. |
| What are extrinsic muscles? | The 6 muscles that attach to and move the eye in its socket. |
| What are tarsal glands? | Glands located on the inside of the eyelid that lubricate the eye during a blink. |
| What is a ciliary gland? | A sweat gland on the inside of the eyelid. |
| What are lacrimal glands? | Tear glands that wash and protect the eye. |
| Where do normal level tears go when cleaning the eye? | They go to the other side of the eye and get collected in the nose. |
| What does the conjunctiva do? | The mucus covered membrane over the top of the visible eye to protect it from debris. |
| How do tears protect the eye from germs? | They contain antibodies that combat pathogens. |
| What causes a lazy eye? | When the extrinsic muscles are weak causing the eye to be unable to rotate properly. |
| What is the choroid? | The dark middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels that nourish the eye and contain the iris and its pupil. |
| What is the aqueous humour? | The liquid filling that fills the gap between the cornea and iris. |
| What is the vitreous humour? | The liquid jelly like filling that fills the main eye that holds the shape of the eye. |
| What are the 2 locations on the retina? | The nasal and temporal. |
| What determines what side of the retina is nasal or temporal? | Nasal faces the nose while temporal faces the side of the head. |
| How is vision input routed to the occipital lobe? | The right side of each eye goes to the right occipital lobe while the left side goes to the left occipital lobe. |
| How do predators having eyes closer together give them an advantage? | It allows them better depth perception allowing them to better find and calculate the path of prey. |
| What is the focal point? | The point where light focused into the eye by the lens makes a point like a triangle point. |
| What is presbyopia? | A condition where the stiffness of the lens due to a lot of accommodation causes farsightedness later in life. |
| What is diplopia? | Double vision due to abnormal alignment of the eyes. |
| What is strabismus? | Crossed eyes due to muscles in 1 eye do not coordinate with the muscles of the other eye. |
| What is colour blindness? | The inability to distinguish colours due to a disorder of the cone cells in the retina. |
| What is night blindness? | The lack of or difficulty seeing at night due to a disorder of the rod cells in the retina. |
| What is conjunctivitis? | Inflammation of the conjunctiva also known as pink eye caused by a bacterial infection. |
| What are cataracts? | Clouding of the cornea or lens causing blindness. |
| What is glaucoma? | Increased pressure in the eye which can cause damage caused by aqueous humour putting on extra pressure. |
| What is macular degeneration? | A loss of central vision only allowing vision from the side. |
| What is diabetic retinopathy? | A bleeding on the retina due to pressure in blood vessels which causes blurry vision. |
| What are vitreous floaters? | A common case where chunks of vitreous humour break off and float around aqueous humour which normally isn't a problem but can causes floaters in vision and can become problematic. |
| What defines the outer ear? | The ear before the tympanic membrane, also called the eardrum. |
| What is the auricle? | The skin funnel of the ear meant to guide sounds into the ear. |
| How long is the external auditory canal? | Aboutt half an inch. |
| What is the external auditory canal? | The canal of the outer ear that guides sound into the middle and inner ear that produces earwax. |
| What is earwaxes purpose? | To protect the moist environment from pathogens. |
| What does the eardrum/tympanic membrane do? | Vibrate from sound experiences which taps the middle ear bones turning vibration energy into mechanical energy to stimulate hairs in the inner ear to make sound by electrical impulse into the brain. |
| What is the cochlea? | The inner ear which contains hairs in fluid which pick up vibrations in its fluid to generate nerve impulses to hear sounds. |
| What do semicircular canals do? | They are a part of the inner ear which helps with balance by determining movement by the movement of fluids in it. |
| What does the eustachian tube do? | Equalising air pressure on the tympanic membrane. |
| What does the round window do? | Relieving pressure in the cochlea. |
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