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Art History (MT)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subject Matter | what you see // what the work is about // if there is a story, what its source is // why this subject was selected |
| Style | how it looks // why does it look that way // line, color, composition, shape, light, dark, bodies, space, scale, etc. |
| Visual Analysis | the process of breaking down, studying, and interpreting the elements of what you see to greater understand its meaning |
| Scale | the size of an object or artwork relative to another object, the viewer, or its surroundings |
| Composition | the intentional arrangement, organization, and positioning of visual elements (such as line, shape, color, and texture) within a work to create a cohesive, balanced, and engaging image |
| Pattern | repetition of a form over and over again |
| Literati | a traditional East Asian style of painting and calligraphy created by educated scholar-officials rather than professional painters, peaking in China during the Song to Ming dynasties |
| Calligraphic | transforming lettering into visual art through disciplined, aesthetic, and often rhythmic strokes using tools like brushes or pens // serves as a form of expression, meditation, and high art, reflecting the culture and spirit of the text |
| Late Imperial Northern Style | professional artists working with precise detail, clean lines, naturalistic |
| Late Imperial Southern Style | amateur artists with more abstract compositions and expressive brushwork |
| Low-Relief | a technique where sculpted figures project only slightly from a 2D background plane, creating shallow, often delicate depth |
| Facade | the principal exterior face or front elevation of a building, acting as its primary visual, aesthetic, and stylistic statement |
| Bay | a fundamental unit of interior space or exterior facade, defined as the compartment or opening between repetitive structural supports like columns, piers, or pillars |
| Polychrome | the artistic practice of decorating sculptures, architecture, pottery, or other objects in multiple colors |
| Hip Roof | a roof where all four sides slope downward to the walls, meeting at a central ridge or a single peak |
| Iconography | identifying and studying the subject matter and symbols in works of art |
| Neo-Confucianism | art style in early modern Korea and Japan that emphasized Confucian ideals of morality, social harmony, and self-cultivation, favoring simplicity, restraint, and symbolic nature themes (influenced by Chinese literati traditions) |
| Jingyeong Sansuhwa | often translated as "true-view landscape painting," // genre of Korean art that emerged during the 17th–18th centuries // shifts away from idealized, imaginary Chinese-style landscapes to the realistic, direct observation of the actual |
| Woodblock Printing | a relief printing technique in which images, text, or patterns are carved in reverse onto a wooden block, inked, and then pressed onto paper or fabric // from Early Modern Korea and Japan |
| Daoism | an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao (the "Way" or natural order), prioritizing simplicity, spontaneity, and balance with nature |
| Inscription | any text, character, signature, poem, or mark (such as a stamp or seal) that is written, carved, or stamped onto a work of art or its mount |
| Seal | a small, carved object (typically stone, metal, or clay) used to create an impression (an image or inscription) on soft materials like wax or clay // primarily to authenticate, secure, or identify ownership of documents and goods |
| Chaekgeori | a genre of Korean still-life painting that flourished during the late Joseon Dynasty (18th–19th century) // features painted folding screens depicting bookshelves, scholar’s tools, and various exotic or symbolic items |
| Auspicious | refers to visual imagery and symbolism designed to invite good fortune, health, longevity, and prosperity while warding off evil spirits // early modern Korea and Japan |
| Buncheong | a distinctive type of Korean stoneware produced primarily during the Joseon Dynasty (15th–16th centuries) // characterized by a coarse, grey-green clay body decorated with white slip (liquid clay) and covered with a semi-translucent, greenish glaze |
| Stoneware | a dense, durable, and nonporous pottery fired at high temperatures, making it vitrified and waterproof |
| Porcelain | a high-fired, vitrified, and translucent ceramic, traditionally made from kaolin clay and petuntse (china stone) |
| Iconography | identifying and studying the subject matter and symbols in works of art |
| Ukiyo-e | Buddhist term that refers to the momentary and transitory nature of life |
| Abstraction | does not attempt to represent and accurate depiction of a visual reality but instead uses shapes, colors, forms, or gestural marks to achieve its effect |
| Naturalism | a style that aims to represent subjects as they appear in the natural world with high accuracy, detail, and objectivity // convincing depiction of the natural world |
| Linear Perspective | a system of representing three-dimensional space and objects on a two-dimensional surface by means of geometry and one or more vanishing points // mathematically structured illusion of space |
| Contrapposto | from the Italian for "counterpoise", a posture of the human body that shifts most weight onto one leg, suggesting ease and potential for movement |
| Guilds | an association of merchants, craftspersons, or scholars in medieval or Renaissance Europe // organizations regulating artistic labor and training |
| Portraiture | a kind of art that represents a particular person (a real person) |
| Diptych | a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book |
| Triptych | a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece |
| Didactic | intended to teach something, particularly in having moral instruction as a motive |
| Liturgical | relating to liturgy or public worship |
| Polyptych | a painting, typically an altarpiece, consisting of more than three leaves or panels joined by hinges or folds |
| Predella | a step or platform on which an altar is placed |
| Humanism | emphasis on human potential, intellect, and dignity |
| Patronage | financial support shaping artistic production |
| Muquarnas | specific to Islam, pattern on niches, projecting in and out dome: |
| Pier | thick heavy area that supports the massive weight of the dome |
| Squinches | triangular shapes underneath the dome |
Created by:
age47
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