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SLHS 3247 Midterm
Lectures 1-9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phonetics | study of production/perception of speech sounds how sounds are produced how sounds compare to how it's written |
| IPA | standardized set of symbols to represent all sounds of the world's languages captures accurate representations of speech sounds, not spelling |
| 3 consonant parameters | voicing, place, manner |
| voicing | vocal fold vibration during production of a consonant |
| place | location along vocal tract where sound production occurs |
| manner | how air flows through vocal tract during production |
| vowel quality | the way it sounds; height, front/back, lip rounding |
| monophthongs | sounds with one vowel quality |
| diphthongs | sounds with two vowel qualities rises onglide > offglide |
| r-controlled vowel | the /ɹ/ sound takes on the quality of the vowel |
| derhotacization | no “r” coloring "mother" > "mothuh" |
| dialect | variation of speech and/or language based on factors such as geographic area, native language background, & social/racial-ethnic group systemic differences |
| accent | form of speech/language spoken by subgroup of speakers phonological differences |
| idolect | individual speech pattern as your own person |
| phoneme | individual speech sound capable of differentiating morphemes |
| morpheme | smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning |
| allophone | variant pronunciations of a phoneme |
| allomorph | allophones of the same morpheme |
| minimal pair | words that vary by only 1 phoneme (in the same word position) |
| complementary distribution | 2 pronunciations that don’t change meaning of the word |
| aspiration | /p/, /t/, /k/ aspirated when they’re the first sound of a word or stressed syllable |
| orthography | writing/spelling system of a language |
| grapheme | printed letters |
| consonants | constricted vocal tract |
| vowels | open vocal tract |
| styles shifting | changes in the way someone speaks in different settings |
| code switching | a person shifts speaking styles from one dialect to another or one language to another |
| bilabial | upper & lower lips come together /p/ /b/ /m/ |
| labiodental | upper teeth & lower lip come together /f/ /v/ |
| dental/interdental | tip of tongue touches upper teeth /θ/ /ð/ |
| alveolar | tip of tongue touched alveolar ridge /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/ /ɹ/ /l/ |
| postalveolar | tip/band of tongue is just behind alveolar ridge /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ |
| palatal | body of tongue approaches/touches hard palate /j/ |
| velar | back of tongue touches velum /k/ /g/ /ŋ/ |
| glottal | opening b/w vocal folds (glottis) narrows /h/ /ʔ/ |
| plosive (stop) | articulators form complete closure; airflow is stopped /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /ʔ/ |
| nasal | velum is lowered allowing air to escape through the nasal cavity /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ |
| fricative | air escapes through narrow gap /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ |
| affricate | articulators approach & touch blocked airflow, articulators part narrowly on release /tʃ/, /dʒ/ |
| approximants | articulators have wide gap for airflow that does not cause friction /w/ /ɹ/ /j/, lateral: /l/ |
Created by:
jamiesz
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