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LAND2320 EXAM 1
UGA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are landscape construction and materials critical to the success of LA? | - they identify functional use - they provide directional cues - they solve environmental needs - they address maintenance issues & aesthetics - they provide framework for the design |
| 3 things to consider when selecting landscape materials? | 1) Cost 2) Design/Aesthetics 3) Impact on the environment and society |
| what is cost? | includes materials, installation/labor, and long-term maintenance. |
| what is design/aesthetics considerations? | - Material supports cultural expressions. - Materials provide character - Provides Genius Loci - Provide a sense of refinement -provide function and variety -Material selection and installation provides safety |
| Genius Loci | A sense of place |
| what is the impact on environment and society? | - mining --> hazardous, creates pollutants, nonrenewable and contributes to stream sedimentation - materials in wrong place --> cause issues - Carbon Footprint --> shipment/transportation - degradation or improvement of environment |
| 3 things needed to ensure proper installation of construction materials? | 1) proper design, appropriate for site and client 2) Clear communication 3) On site inspection and observation |
| How to reduce resource use? | - use few or no new materials - reuse/reprocess/reclaim existing materials - Any new products should be designed for disassembly |
| How to minimize environmental impact? | - minimize CO2 via local or existing materials - minimize mined and harvested materials |
| What are low emitting materials? | Do not release significant pollutants (rocks) Require low amount of energy to extract, ship, use and dispose of |
| what are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)? (High embodied materials) | Materials that contain or emit toxins during its life cycle (sealers, finishers, adhesives) can leak into soil and water. Require high amount of energy to extract, ship, use and dispose of. |
| How to assist with sustainable design strategies? | - nongreen materials can sometimes contribute to the sustainable function of the site over time (Portland cement) - buying from ethical companies - plant materials that use phytoremediation - pervious paving |
| Phytoremediation? | process by which plants sequester carbon and toxins. |
| What are the three types of paving systems? | Monolithic Modular Granular |
| What is monolithic concrete? | Material that is poured as single unified surface (MONO = 1) |
| In Situ or CIP means... | concrete that is premixed and then poured and cured on site. |
| What is the difference b/w concrete and cement? | - Cement is limestone of clay. Crushed into a powder. the POWDER - Concrete is the product of the powder when mixed with water and sometimes sand |
| Portland Cement contains... | ... silicon, calcium and iron, which makes it heavy duty. |
| Explain the process of CIP instillation... part 1 | 1) dig to target depth 2) develop boards to shape concrete and sometimes kicker to stabilize the board 3) add gravel or sand base to level, and rebar or welded wire for extra strength 4) concrete mixed off site and poured into formed space (In Situ)- |
| Explain the process of CIP instillation... part 2 | - 5) Screeding - creates a flat level surface before concrete can cure. By hand or machine 6) Floating - involves using bull or hand floats to create final finish on concrete 7) Concrete cures. Irreversable. |
| What is hydration? | Process by which concrete cures. Irreversible. Can take a few hours to 28 days. |
| Expansion Joints... | Place pre pouring and allow concrete slabs to move and not stress whatever it abuts |
| Control Joints... | Shallow. Created post pouring and allow for movement due to temp. changes and drying shrinkage |
| A textured finish is... | Nonslip and also decorative. A broom is used to achieve this texture. Also, can be mixed with aggregates or colored with paint + stamp patterns |
| What are strengths of concrete? | - Long lasting. Durable. - Formed into any shape. - Lots of colors, textures... - Water, petroleum, de-icing, solvent resistant - Handles heavy loads - No edge restraints required. Clean separation - strong/cool in high temps - pervious or porous |
| What are the limitations of concrete? | - requires formwork and special equipment - joints are required (more labor) - cracking occurs even w/ joints - Curing takes time - may cause glare - higher cost |
| Concrete has _____ tensile strength and ____ compressive strength. | Low. High. |
| What does rebar prevent? | Cracking and provides structural stability. |
| Rebar or Reinforcing bar uses... | - generally larger than WWM - stays in place better - used in concrete walls and flat work (sidewalk, driveway_ |
| What is welded wire mesh? | Long strips of metal soldered together. |
| What are examples of monolithic asphalt? | Black top, asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete, bituminous asphalt, “AC” |
| What is asphalt? | sticky, semi solid form of petroleum which binds aggregates to make asphalt concrete |
| Explain the process of asphalt installation (CIP)... | 1)Produced in a plant and shipped to the site in a trick for CIP 2)Dig to your target depth, level the ground, line with a base course of gravel. 3) An intermediate layer may be necessary, laid over the base and compacted. 4)Delivered hot. -next card |
| Explain the process of asphalt installation (CIP)... part 2 | 4) ... poured into areas with form boards or structural elements. 5) Wearing Course --> top of the asphalt. Roll out until smooth. |
| 3 Asphalt Charactersistics? | 1) Flexible. Binder never hardens. Fails bc of material loss. 2) Flows and distorts. No joints needed. Aggregates prevent expansion post drying. 3) Inherently weak. Edges and curbs improve longevity but not required. (road edges) |
| Asphalt Strengths? | - Inexpensive - no rebar or WMM required - Smooth surface, no joints - acid, alkali, salt resistant -dark color reduces glare -recyclable -can be used within hour of placement&compaction - paintable |
| Asphalt Limitations? | - damaged by petroleum spills - absorbs radiant energy --> HOT - moves so it needs solid base/edges - inherently weak and softens if too hot -susceptible to surface damage |
| Design considerations of asphalt include.. | - provide rigid edge - coloring or stamping - pervious or impervious composition (based on size of aggregates |
| Uses of asphalt.... | - parking lots and roads - trails, paths, bike paths, and courts - In driveways --> smooth surface and no steel reinforcement required |
Created by:
livloves
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