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Aural Rehab 3
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are communication strategies? | actions to facilitate or improve communication/understanding |
| What are the rules of conversation? | pay attention, take turns and share in conversation, introduce and develop topics, make relevant comments, provide enough information |
| What is conversational fluency? | the flow of conversation with communication partners sharing topics, turns, and information |
| What are the effects of hearing loss on conversation? | more disrupted turn taking, more clarification requests, modification of speaking and listening styles by both speakers, reduced story imagery and details, inappropriate topic changes |
| What is a speechreader? | the person with hearing loss |
| What are some adaptive strategies to help those with hearing loss? | use relaxation/mindfulness techniques and prepare for communication in advance |
| What can a talker do to help a speech reader? | use clear speech, use meta-communication skills, and use message-tailoring strategies |
| What are the three principles of clear speech? | slowed speaking rate with pauses, enunciated words, key words stressed |
| What are ways to improve the environment for a speechreader? | use good lighting to see the speaker's face, close distance, reduce background noise and reverberation, avoid visual distractions |
| What is communication breakdown? | when one communication partner does not understand a message |
| What is a repair strategy? | an action taken to fix a communication breakdown, either partner in a conversation can use them |
| What is an expressive repair strategy? | the talker realizes the listener has not understood the message and takes an action to repair this? |
| What are some examples of an expressive repair strategy? | repeat message using clear speech, use shorter sentences, use gestures, write down critical information |
| What is a receptive repair strategy? | the listener realizes they misheard or did not understand the message and takes an action |
| What is an example of a receptive repair strategy? | ask for repeat of part of all of a message, ask for rephrase, ask for topic, confirm message to speaker, ask for elaboration, limit overuse of "what," ask that information be written down |
| When are communication breakdowns less likely to happen? | when partners stay on one topic |
| What is a passive conversational style? | bluffs, avoids interactions or withdraws, "I did not understand a word of what was said, but that's okay" |
| What is an aggressive conversational style? | acts demanding, hostile, and intimidating, "You can't expect someone to understand when you talk that fast" |
| What is a passive-aggressive conversational style? | Expresses aggression in an indirect way "Her party was so noisy I could not hear, so I'm going to have a party of my own but not invite her!" |
| What is an assertive conversational style? | takes responsibility for difficulties, direct in communicating needs and concerns "Could you turn down the music a little so that I can hearing you better? |
| What is self-efficacy? | belief that one can successfully do a specific task |
| What is MOVE? | a method found to foster self-efficacy |
| What does Mastery experiences in MOVE mean? | practice use of strategies in a safe environment |
| What does Observing experiences in MOVE mean? | observing others succeeding at the task |
| What does Verbal persuasion in MOVE mean? | encouragement to complete the task |
| What does Emotional readiness in MOVE mean? | use of relaxation and positive thinking to support completion of the tasks |
| What are the qualities of a good communication strategy program? | information sharing, guided practice in the program, real-world practice, homework, and a program tailored to accommodate the person with a hearing loss |
| What does communication strategy training include? | a review of difficulties associated with hearing loss, learning how to use facilitative strategies, repair strategies, and implement assertive vs. nonassertive behaviors |
| What percent of people are dissatisfied with their hearing aids? | 40-60 |
| What impacts speech recognition most? | distance and noise |
| What is impaired frequency selectivity? | when a person requires a greater difference in tone frequencies in order to recognize a difference |
| What is impaired temporal resolution? | when a person requires a longer silent gap between two sounds to recognize the gap |
| What happens when people with a hearing loss expend more perceptual effort when listening to speech? | they have a lower cognitive ability to convert the speech to memory |
| Who are the prime candidates of auditory training? | those who have recently received cochlear implants/hearing aids, those who have experiences hearing loss due to trauma or drug use, and long time users of hearing aids/cochlear implants |
| What is brain plasticity? | the brain's ability to change as a result of experience, behavior, environment, and sensory deprivation or stimulation |
| Why is brain plasticity relevant for aural rehabilitation? | hearing aids/cochlear implants can lead to secondary brain plasticity, acquired hearing loss can cause functional damage in the central auditory system (CAS), neuronal changes may occur in the CAS as a result of auditory training |
| What is auditory training? | learning to make distinctions between sounds, listening practice |
| What is top-down training? | synthetic, comprehending |
| What is bottom-up training? | analytic, taking each individual part in at a time |
| What are the features of modern auditory training? | adaptive, active participation, immediate feedback, bottom up and top down testing, uses everyday words and phrases, challengning, and data logging |
| What are the four typical types of training? | phoneme, word, sentence, and cognitive skill based |
| What types of improvement come with auditory training? | active learning, consonants and vowels, sentence testing, and quality of life |
| What is speechreading? | the ability to understand a speaker's thoughts by watching the movements of the face and body using information provided by the situation and language |
| What is lip-reading? | the ability to recognize speech sounds based on observed movements of lips, tongue, and haw. Can be learned |
| What are the characteristics of a good lipreader? | cognitive skills, age, and type of hearing loss, amount of experience, duration and degree of hearing loss, language comprehension, emotional factors, and visual factors |
| What factors can make lip-reading more difficult? | visibility of sounds, rapidity speech, coarticulation and stress effects, visemes and homophones, and talker effects |
| How do the visibility of speech sounds impact lip-reading? | 60% of sounds are not easily visibly, vowels are not distinctive |
| How does the rapidity of speech impact lip-reading? | talkers can speak 150-250 words a minute, human eyes can only register 10 phonemes/sec when talkers produce 15/sec |
| What are visemes? | groups of sounds that appear similar on the face |
| What are examples of visemes? | k/g, w/r, /p/b/m, /n/d/t/s/z |
| What is the talker effects? | the same sound can look different when spoken by two or more different people |
| What does speech reading involve? | the integration of what a person hears with what that person sees. The brain combines the sounds heard with facial movements that are recognized |
| What is the importance of residual hearing? | it can assist in speech recognition when combined with visual cues, shows why people with profound HL are so dependent on hearing aids |
| WHat are factors that affect the speechreading process? | the talker, message, environment and communication situation, the speechreader |
| What are the parts of brain training? | material ahs theme or subject, completing sentences based on context, does not focus on individual sounds, common of most modern programs |
| What is eye and brain training? | a new approach to speechreading that combines analytic and synthetic training |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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